Populations of Aeria olena and Tithorea harmonia pseudethra (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) showed large variations in abundance along the year in four sites, with peaks at the end of the wet season. The sex ratio of captures in A. olena was male biased. In A. olena, males showed longer residence times than females. Both species differ from other members of the Ithomiinae community in the region by feeding on Apocynaceae vines as larvae, not congregating in "ithomiine pockets" and having low population numbers in the dry season.554150157Ackery, P.R., Vane-Wright, R.I., Milkweed butterflies (1984) London, British Museum (Natural History), , x + 425 ppBenson, W.W., Resource partitioning in passion vine butterflies (1978) Evolution, 32, pp. 493-518Brown K.S., Jr., Chemical ecology of dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids in adult Ithomiinae (1985) Rev. Bras. Bio, 44, pp. 435-460Brown K.S., Jr., Chemistry at the Solanaceae/Ithomiinae interface (1987) Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard, 74, pp. 359-397Brown K.S., Jr., Benson, W.W., Adaptive polymorphism associated with multiple Müllerian mimicry in Heliconius numata (Lepid. Nymph.) (1974) Biotropica, 6, pp. 205-228Brown K.S., Jr., Freitas, A.V.L., Juvenile stages of Ithomiinae: Overview and systematics (1994) Trop. Lepid, 5, pp. 9-20Brussard, P., Ehrlich, P.R., The population structure of Erebia epipsodea (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae) (1970) Ecology, 51, pp. 119-129Cook, L.M., Brower, L.P., Croze, H.J., The accuracy of a population estimation from multiple recapture data (1967) J. Animal Ecology, 36, pp. 57-60DeVries, P.J., The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history (1987) Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Pr. 327 ppDeVries, P.J., Patterns of butterfly diversity and promising topics in natural history and ecology (1994) La Selva. Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest, pp. 187-194. , L.A. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. A. Hespenheide and G. S. Hartshorn (eds.), The University of Chicago Press, ChicagoDrummond B.A. III, (1976) Comparative Ecology and Mimetic Relationships of Ithomiine Butterflies in Eastern Ecuador, , Ph.D. Thesis, University of Florida, xvi + 361 ppEhrlich, P.R., Davidson, D., Techniques for capture-recapture studies of Lepidoptera populations (1960) J. Lepid. Soc, 14, pp. 227-229Ehrlich, P.R., Gilbert, L.E., Population structure and dynamics of the tropical butterfly Heliconius ethilla (1973) Biotropica, 5, pp. 69-82Fox, R.M., A monograph of the Ithomiidae (Lepidoptera). Part III. The tribe Mechanitini Fox (1967) Mem. Am. Entomol. Soc, 22, pp. 1-190Freitas, A.V.L., Biology and population dynamics of Placidula euryanassa, a relict ithomiine butterfly (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) (1993) J. Lepid. Soc, 47, pp. 87-105Freitas, A.V.L., Population biology of Heterosais edessa (Nymphalidae) and its associated Atlantic Forest Ithomiinae community (1996) J. Lepid. Soc, 50, pp. 273-289Gilbert, I.E., An evolutionary food web and its relationship to neotropical biodiversity (1993) Animal-Plant Interactions in Tropical Environments, pp. 17-28. , W. Barthlott, C. M. Naumann, K. Schimidt-Loske and K. L. Schuchmann (eds.), Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, BonnHaber, W., (1978) Evolutionary Ecology of Tropical Mimetic Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ithomiinae), , Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Minnesota, xii + 227 ppMorellato, L.P.C., Leitao-Filho, H., Introduçao (1995) Ecologia e preservaçao de uma floresta tropical urbana, pp. 15-18. , I., P.C. Morellato and H. Leitao-Filho (eds.), Reserva de Santa Genebra. Campinas, Editora da UnicampPinto, A.S., Motta, P.C., Dinâmica populacional de um grupo de borboletas transparentes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) (1997) Contribuiçao ao conhecimento ecológico do cerrado-Trabalhos selecionados do 3° Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil (Brasília, 6-11/10/96), pp. 148-152. , L. Leite and C. H. Saito (Org.), Brasília, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de BrasíliaRamos, R.R., Freitas, A.V.L., Population biology, wing color variation and ecological plasticity in Heliconius erato phyllis (Nymphalidae) (1999) J. Lepid. Soc, 53, pp. 11-21Southwood, T.R.E., (1971) Ecological Methods with Particular Reference to the Study of Insect Populations, , Chapman and Hall, London, 524 ppTrigo, J.R., (1988) Ecologia química na interaçao Ithomiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)- Echitoideae (Angiospermae: Apocynaceae), , M.S. Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP. 196 ppTrigo, J.R., Brown K.S., Jr., Witte, L., Hartmann, T., Ernst, L., Babata, L.E.S., Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: Different acquisition and use patterns in Apocynaceae and Solanaceae feeding ithomiine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) (1996) Biol. J. Linn. Soc, 58, pp. 99-123Vasconcellos-Neto, J., (1980) Dinâmica de populaçoes de Ithomiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) em Sumaré-SP, , M.S. Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP. vi + 206 ppVasconcellos-Neto, J., Interactions between ithomiine butterflies and Solanaceae: Feeding and reproductive strategies (1991) Plant-Animal Interactions. Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperature regions, pp. 291-313. , P. W. Price, T. M. Lewinsohn, G. W. Fernandes and W. W. Benson (eds.), John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New YorkYoung, A.M., Moffett, M.W., Studies on the population biology of the tropical butterfly Mechanitis Isthmia in Costa Rica (1979) Amer. Midl. Nat, 101, pp. 309-319