Artículos de revistas
Clinical Investigation Of Bacterial Species And Endotoxin In Endodontic Infection And Evaluation Of Root Canal Content Activity Against Macrophages By Cytokine Production
Registro en:
Clinical Oral Investigations. Springer Verlag, v. 18, n. 9, p. 2095 - 2102, 2014.
14326981
10.1007/s00784-014-1198-1
2-s2.0-84912045200
Autor
Martinho F.C.
Leite F.R.M.
Nascimento G.G.
Cirelli J.A.
Gomes B.P.F.A.
Institución
Resumen
Introduction: This study investigated the presence of different Gram-negative bacterial species and the levels of endotoxins found in primary endodontic infection (PEI), determining their stimulation ability against macrophages through the levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and evaluated their relationship with clinical and radiographic findings.Material and methods: Samples were taken from 21 root canals with primary endodontic infection with apical periodontitis (PEIAP). Molecular techniques were used for bacterial detection. Limulus amebocyte lysate assay was used to measure endotoxins. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA assay.Results: All samples were positive for bacterial DNA (21/21). Prevotella nigrescens (57.2 %) was the most frequent species. Higher levels of endotoxins were found in teeth with pain on palpation and exudation (all p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between endotoxins and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, whereas a negative correlation was found between endotoxin and the amount of IL-10 (p < 0.05). Endotoxin levels were found to be a risk factor for exudation and increased the number of Gram-negative bacterial species for the presence of a larger area of bone destruction (all p < 0.05).Conclusion: A wide variety of Gram-negative bacterial species are involved in primary endodontic infection, with participation of different Treponema species. Thus, the levels of endotoxins and the number of Gram-negative bacteria species present in root canals were considered risk factors for the severity of endodontic infection.Clinical relevance: The present study revealed that Gram-negative bacterial species and endotoxins play an important role in the development of signs/symptoms and the severity of bone destruction, this knowledge is essential for the establishment of an effective therapy. 18 9 2095 2102 Siqueira, J.F., Jr., Rocas, I.N., Microbiology and treatment of acute apical abscesses (2013) Clin Microbiol Rev, 26, pp. 255-273. , PID: 23554416 Martinho, F.C., Chiesa, W.M., Leite, F.R., Cirelli, J.A., Gomes, B.P., Antigenic activity of bacterial endodontic contents from primary root canal infection with periapical lesions against macrophage in the release of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha (2010) J Endod, 36, pp. 1467-1474. , PID: 20728711 Montagner, F., Jacinto, R.C., Signoretti, F.G., Gomes, B.P., Treponema species detected in infected root canals and acute apical abscess exudates (2010) J Endod, 36, pp. 1796-1799. , PID: 20951290 Rocas, I.N., Siqueira, J.F., Jr., Identification of bacteria enduring endodontic treatment procedures by a combined reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and reverse-capture checkerboard approach (2010) J Endod, 36, pp. 45-52. , PID: 20003934 Rocas, I.N., Siqueira, J.F., Jr., Andrade, A.F., Uzeda, M., Oral treponemes in primary root canal infections as detected by nested PCR (2003) Int Endod J, 36, pp. 20-26. , PID: 12656510 Gomes, B.P., Lilley, J.D., Drucker, D.B., Associations of endodontic symptoms and signs with particular combinations of specific bacteria (1996) Int Endod J, 29, pp. 69-75. , PID: 9206427 Siqueira, J.F., Jr., Rocas, I.N., PCR-based identification of Treponema maltophilum, T amylovorum, T medium, and T lecithinolyticum in primary root canal infections (2003) Arch Oral Biol, 48, pp. 495-502. , PID: 12798152 Metzger, Z., Macrophages in periapical lesions (2000) Endod Dent Traumatol, 16, pp. 1-8. , PID: 11202850 Beutler, B., Cerami, A., The biology of cachectin/TNF—a primary mediator of the host response (1989) Annu Rev Immunol, 7, pp. 625-655. , PID: 2540776 Keller, R., Fischer, W., Keist, R., Bassetti, S., Macrophage response to bacteria: induction of marked secretory and cellular activities by lipoteichoic acids (1992) Infect Immun, 60, pp. 3664-3672. , PID: 1500175 Garcia de Aquino, S., Manzolli Leite, F.R., Stach-Machado, D.R., Francisco da Silva, J.A., Spolidorio, L.C., Rossa, C., Jr., Signaling pathways associated with the expression of inflammatory mediators activated during the course of two models of experimental periodontitis (2009) Life Sci, 84, pp. 745-754. , PID: 19285515 Sousa, E.L., Martinho, F.C., Nascimento, G.G., Leite, F.R., Gomes, B.P., Quantification of endotoxins in infected root canals and acute apical abscess exudates: monitoring the effectiveness of root canal procedures in the reduction of endotoxins (2014) J Endod, 40 (2), pp. 177-181. , PID: 24461400 Seymour, G.J., Gemmell, E., Cytokines in periodontal disease: where to from here? (2001) Acta Odontol Scand, 59, pp. 167-173. , PID: 11501886 Martinho, F.C., Chiesa, W.M., Leite, F.R., Cirelli, J.A., Gomes, B.P., Correlation between clinical/radiographic features and inflammatory cytokine networks produced by macrophages stimulated with endodontic content (2012) J Endod, 38, pp. 740-745. , PID: 22595105 Boyce, B.F., Li, P., Yao, Z., Zhang, Q., Badell, I.R., Schwarz, E.M., O’Keefe, R.J., Xing, L., TNF-alpha and pathologic bone resorption (2005) Keio J Med, 54, pp. 127-131. , PID: 16237274 Huang, G.T., Do, M., Wingard, M., Park, J.S., Chugal, N., Effect of interleukin-6 deficiency on the formation of periapical lesions after pulp exposure in mice (2001) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 92, pp. 83-88. , PID: 11458250 Tinsley, J.H., South, S., Chiasson, V.L., Mitchell, B.M., Interleukin-10 reduces inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant rats (2010) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 298, pp. R713-R719. , PID: 20053959 Leon, L.R., Kozak, W., Kluger, M.J., Role of IL-10 in inflammation. Studies using cytokine knockout mice (1998) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 856, pp. 69-75. , PID: 9917866 Gomes, B.P., Martinho, F.C., Vianna, M.E., Comparison of 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite and 2 % chlorhexidine gel on oral bacterial lipopolysaccharide reduction from primarily infected root canals (2009) J Endod, 35, pp. 1350-1353. , PID: 19801228 Rocas, I.N., Siqueira, J.F., Jr., Debelian, G.J., Analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic primary root canal infections in adult Norwegian patients (2011) J Endod, 37, pp. 1206-1212. , PID: 21846535 Dixon, D.R., Darveau, R.P., Lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity: innate host responses to bacterial modification of lipid a structure (2005) J Dent Res, 84, pp. 584-595. , PID: 15972584 Schein, B., Schilder, H., Endotoxin content in endodontically involved teeth (1975) J Endod, 1, pp. 19-21. , PID: 1061764 Hong, C.Y., Lin, S.K., Kok, S.H., Cheng, S.J., Lee, M.S., Wang, T.M., Chen, C.S., Wang, J.S., The role of lipopolysaccharide in infectious bone resorption of periapical lesion (2004) J Oral Pathol Med, 33, pp. 162-169. , PID: 15128058 Chung, Y.H., Chang, E.J., Kim, S.J., Kim, H.H., Kim, H.M., Lee, S.B., Ko, J.S., Lipopolysaccharide from Prevotella nigrescens stimulates osteoclastogenesis in cocultures of bone marrow mononuclear cells and primary osteoblasts (2006) J Periodontal Res, 41, pp. 288-296. , PID: 16827722 Baumgartner, J.C., Khemaleelakul, S.U., Xia, T., Identification of spirochetes (treponemes) in endodontic infections (2003) J Endod, 29, pp. 794-797. , PID: 14686807 Fenno, J.C., McBride, B.C., Virulence factors of oral treponemes (1998) Anaerobe, 4, pp. 1-17. , PID: 16887619 Chan, E.C., McLaughlin, R., Taxonomy and virulence of oral spirochetes (2000) Oral Microbiol Immunol, 15, pp. 1-9. , PID: 11155157 Asai, Y., Hashimoto, M., Ogawa, T., Treponemal glycoconjugate inhibits Toll-like receptor ligand-induced cell activation by blocking LPS-binding protein and CD14 functions (2003) Eur J Immunol, 33, pp. 3196-3204. , PID: 14579288 Hertz, C.J., Kiertscher, S.M., Godowski, P.J., Bouis, D.A., Norgard, M.V., Roth, M.D., Modlin, R.L., Microbial lipopeptides stimulate dendritic cell maturation via Toll-like receptor 2 (2001) J Immunol, 166, pp. 2444-2450. , PID: 11160304 Opitz, B., Schroder, N.W., Spreitzer, I., Michelsen, K.S., Kirschning, C.J., Hallatschek, W., Zahringer, U., Schumann, R.R., Toll-like receptor-2 mediates Treponema glycolipid and lipoteichoic acid-induced NF-kappaB translocation (2001) J Biol Chem, 276, pp. 22041-22047. , PID: 11285258 Martinho, F.C., Leite, F.R.M., Chiesa, W.M.M., Nascimento, G.G., Feres, M., Gomes, B.P.F.A., Signaling pathways activation by primary endodontic infectious contents and production of inflammatory mediators (2014) J Endod Jiang, J., Zuo, J., Hurst, I.R., Holliday, L.S., The synergistic effect of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide on osteoclast formation (2003) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 96, pp. 738-743. , PID: 14676766 Takahashi, K., Microbiological, pathological, inflammatory, immunological and molecular biological aspects of periradicular disease (1998) Int Endod J, 31, pp. 311-325. , PID: 9823133