En esta investigación se presenta un estudio de caso el cual parte del concepto de paisaje, que permite una aproximación del espacio geográfico, así como de la evolución de formas técnico-organizativas en torno a la agricultura campesina indígena, muestra las dificultades que enfrentan los/as campesinos/as ante el uso de sistemas intensivos de producción. Por un lado, el deterioro de recursos naturales y, por otro, el debilitamiento de la cohesión social. Se recurre a la reconstitución de los hábitos y las prácticas alimentarias al posicionar la alimentación como un hecho social total, que pone en evidencia las desigualdades sociales provocadas por el actual sistema agroalimentario global, mismo que se cuestiona a lo largo del artículo. La investigación de campo se llevó a cabo por la autora durante los años 2008-2009, en los pueblos indígenas de Almolonga y Zunil, del de-partamento de Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, dedicados prioritariamente a la producción hortícola.ABSTRACTThe term landscape is linked to a people´s cultural expression in their land. Therefore technolo-gical changes become visible through the impression they leave on the landscape and changes in people´s practices and food habits. The field investigation was carried out by the author during 2008 and 2009 in the indigenous communities of Almolonga and Zunil in the county of Quetzalte-nango in Guatemala. These communities are mostly involved in agriculture. The concept of landscape allows an approximation of geographical space as well as the evolution of technical and organizational methods in the field of indigenous subsistence agriculture. Horti-cultural cultivation in this area, with particularly favorable conditions due to its volcanic soils and availability of water, has become exposed to the market and techniques requiring ever more inten-sive use of resources. This investigation demonstrates the difficulties facing subsistence farmers exposed to intensive production systems. On the one hand, natural resources deteriorate and on the other, social cohesion weakens. Rural productive land becomes important when demonstrating the link between this and food cul-ture. The loss of a landscape is no more than a technical and production change as well as signaling a lack of marks of identity, for example food. One turns to the renewal of food practices and habits by marking food as a completely social act that highlights social inequalities caused by the current global agro-food system, something that is questioned throughout the article