Evaluación de la actividad antiinflamatoria y citotóxica del extracto hidroalcohólico de flores y hojas de Oreocallis grandiflora.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of Oreocallis flowers and leaves (Oreocallis grandiflora). The hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained from the flowers and leaves of Oreocallis grandiflora separately, following a standardized methodology. The plant material was extracted with 70% v/v ethanol, the hydroalcoholic fractions were concentrated under controlled conditions on a rotary evaporator, and finally the residues were lyophilized to obtain the corresponding hydroalcoholic extracts from the leaves and flowers. The presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, quinones, saponins, mucilages were verified. The total phenol content was 15% ± 0.30 and 12.01% ± 0.21 for leaf and flower extracts, respectively. The total content of flavonoids was 40.61% ± 1.73 and 15.85% ± 1.53 for leaf and flowers, respectively. The free radical scavenging capacity for the extracts presented a IC 50 of 290.19 μg/mL for leaves, IC 50 of 906.92 μg/mL for flowers and IC 50 of 35.20 μg/mL for the gallic acid used as a reference. Anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity tests were performed using the in vitro model of isolated neutrophils, in which the reaction of a stable tetrazolium salt (WST-1) was determined. The in vitro anti-inflammatory test on isolated neutrophils demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from both the leaves and flowers of Oreocallis grandiflora exhibit pronounced anti-inflammatory activity compared to aspirin, the substance that was used as reference. The hydroalcoholic extract from Oreocallis grandiflora leaves presented a percentage of inflammatory inhibition of 97.18% ± 1.85, while the extract obtained from Oreocallis grandiflora flowers had a value of 68.27% ± 2.88 and the reference (aspirin) 74.11% ± 0.11. These results were obtained from three replicates of the experiment at a concentration of 200 ppm of hydroalcoholic extracts or the reference.