Evaluación de diferentes sistemas silvopastoriles, en la región amazónica, como alternativa para la sostenibilidad de la actividad ganadera, en la Granja Experimental Palora del INIAP

Abstract

At Granja Experimental Palora of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), five forestpasture systems were assessed as an alternative for sustainability of natural resources by the means of intensification and recovery of pastures contributing to reduce environmental impact of this livestock activity in the Ecuadorian Amazon region. The assessed treatments were: traditional system (forestall Pollalesta discolor), improved witness (forestal Swietenia macrophylla), forestpasture systems golden button (leguminous Thitonia diversifolia with forestall Swietenia macrophylla) forestpasture systems flemingia (leguminous Flemingia macrophylla with forestal Swietenia macrophylla), and forestpasture systems poroton (leguminous Erythrina schimpffii with forestal Swietenia macrophylla), (T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4), each treatment was associated with Zea mays hybrid INIAP 553, with three repetitions with treatment and block designs were assessed at random. At the end of the treatment there were not visible effects over physical- chemical characteristics in the soil, but there were some some differences in the biological analysis of the soil where the highest values of biomass and number of worms are forestpasture poroton (T4) with 4,73 grm-2 and 8,13 worm m-2 respectively. A higher production of biomass was evident in forestpasture golden buttom (T2) with 5,81 tMsha-1 followed by forestpasture system flemingia (T3) with 4,16 tMsha-1, finally the best root efficient was evident in forestpasture flemingia (T3) with 0,689 tha-1 , followed by forestpasture poroton (T4) with 0,639 tha-1. It was concluded that forestpasture composed by flemingia (T3) has the most efficiency level in roots and a good production of biomass.