Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas para inyectores mecánicos motores diesel

Abstract

In contrast with a gasoline engine, the diesel engine operates by auto-ignition, in the compression process, the sucked air is heated in the cylinder at a temperature of between 700 °C and 900 °C, approximately, causing an automatic ignition by injecting fuel. A diesel engine needs a higher compression (compression ratio 20-24:1) and a more stable structure than a gasoline engine. The elements that are directly affecting the operation of the engine are injectors, which need to have a preventive maintenance. The test bench for mechanical injectors of diesel engines, meets the needs to be met by such equipment to be efficient, silent and safe; the tests that can be performed on the bench allowed to have an accurate judgment about anomalies and failures it has a power injector. The equipment consists of a mechanical linear pump, hand pump, high pressure pipes, fuel filter, test tubes, injection control and a pulley of 9 inches. The electrical part is in a control box to turn on the bench and a 110-volt electric motor of 1 hp high-revving and with output pulley 2 inches. At the bottom is located, the fuel tank with its respective return pipes. The design of the structure of the test bench, has a sufficient safety factor for work this is going to perform. Handling should be performed according to the operation and maintenance manual taking into account the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the right tools. The operating equipment, allows checking the status of the injectors, visually presenting the working mechanism and the presence of anomalies.