1. Flower visitation by herbivores and pollinators often occurs simultaneously, but their potential contrasting responses to predation risk are rarely investigated in concert. Predator avoidance behaviour is common in ...

The traits related to foraging and eating are crucial to our understanding of food webs. The use of signals to detect predators has strong relevance for prey survival. The black sea urchin Echinometra lucunter cohabits ...

The traits related to foraging and eating are crucial to our understanding of food webs. The use of signals to detect predators has strong relevance for prey survival. The black sea urchin Echinometra lucunter cohabits ...

Predation can be an important agent of natural selection shaping parental care behaviours, and can also favour behavioural plasticity. Parent birds often decrease the rate that they visit the nest to provision offspring ...

Predators directly and indirectly affect the density and the behavior of prey. These effects may potentially cascade down to lower trophic levels. In this study, we tested the effects of predator calls (playbacks of bird ...

Predators directly and indirectly affect the density and the behavior of prey. These effects may potentially cascade down to lower trophic levels. In this study, we tested the effects of predator calls (playbacks of bird ...

Although predators and floral herbivores can potentially decrease plant fitness by changing pollinator behaviors, studies comparing the strength of these factors as well as their additive and interactive effects on pollinator ...

Chemical communication relating to predation risk is a trait common among fish species. Prey fish under threat of predation can signal risk to conspecific fish, which then exhibit defensive responses. Fish also assess ...

The behavior of invasive species under predation risk has been studied extensively, but their growth and reproductive responses have rarely been investigated. We conducted experiments with juveniles and adults of the ...