Glutamate exerts its effects through binding and activation of two classes of specific receptors: ionotropic (iGluRs) and metabotropic (mGluRs). Group I mGluR includes mGluR1 and mGluR5 subtypes, group II includes mGluR2 ...

To maintain the health and well-being of all mammals, numerous aspects of physiology are controlled by neuroendocrine mechanisms. These mechanisms ultimately enable communication between neurones and glands throughout the ...

Exposure to adverse environmental conditions can elicit a stress response, which results in an increase in endogenous corticosterone levels. In early life stages, it has been thoroughly demonstrated that amphibian larval ...

Frequently disrupted and restricted sleep is a common problem for many people in our modern around-the-clock society. in this context, it is an important question how sleep loss affects the stress systems in our bodies ...