Membrane transporters perform a central function in many essential body functions, including traffic and compartmentalization of physiologic compounds, absorption of physiologic compounds (and, occasionally, structurally ...

Oxidative stress has been linked to the podocytopathy, mesangial expansion and progression of diabetic nephropathy. The major cell defence mechanism against oxidative stress is reduced glutathione (GSH). Some ABC transporters ...

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans is defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in two or more drug classes. This phenomenon has been increasingly reported since the rise ...

For most cancers, the treatment of choice is still chemotherapy despite its severe adverse effects, systemic toxicity and limited efficacy due to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR leads to chemotherapy ...

P-glycoprotein is a multidrug transporter encoded by the mdr3 gene in the mouse intestinal epithelium. The aims of this study were to characterize the mdr3 gene expression in the cephalocaudal axis of the intestine in adult ...

ABC transporters are membrane proteins mediating the efflux of endo- and xenobiotics. Transporter expression is not static but instead is subject to a dynamic modulation aiming at responding to changes in the internal ...

Unlike physicians, veterinary practitioners must deal with a number of animal species with crucial differences in anatomy, physiology and metabolism. Accordingly, the pharmacokinetic behaviour, the clinical efficacy and ...