Characterizing ultrashort laser pulses is a challenging task. By now several methods are established which can be divided into interferometric methods like SPIDER (spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field ...

The families of duplex and superduplex steels were developed to serve sectors that demand steels with extreme mechanical capacity and good corrosion resistance. Such characteristics are due to their structure being composed ...

Photoassociation is a possible route for the formation of chemical bonds. In this process, the binding of colliding atoms can be induced by means of a laser field. Photoassociation has been studied in the ultracold regime ...