SUMMARY: In diploid organisms, autosomal genes are composed of two copies, or alleles, inherited from both parents at fertilization. For the vast majority of autosomal genes, expression occurs from both alleles simultaneously. ...

The development of Pardosa saltans wolf spiders inside an egg sac includes two periods: an embryonic period and a post-embryonic period after hatching. We investigated spiderlings’ energy expenditure to assess energetic ...

Betaeus emarginatus is an alpheid shrimp inhabiting rock pool environments characterized by strong fluctuations of ambient factors. Here we describe the embryonic development of B. emarginatus, and analyse the effects of ...

Embryonic development is a vulnerable and key period during the life cycle of an oviparous elasmobranch. Captivity studies are difficult to carry out on non-coastal species; hence, embryonic development can be analysed ...

We assessed whether earlier hatching time in female compared to male broilers is related to differences in the duration of the actual embryonic development and/or hatching period, hematological parameters and hatchling ...