The q-rung orthopair fuzzy set ((ROPFS)-R-q), proposed by Yager, is a more effective and proficient tool to represent uncertain or vague information in real-life situations. Divergence and entropy are two important measures, ...

Mimulus luteus (Scrophulariaceae) is a perennial herb occurring in the South American Andes that shows a wide variation in the size and shape of a red spot on the lower lobe of the yellow flower. We describe the preference ...

Alfred Russel Wallace proposed classifying Amazon rivers based on their colour and clarity: white, black and clear water. Wallace also proposed that black waters could mediate diversification and yield distinct fish species. ...

Dry forests characterize many of the biomes of southern South America and the Andes, such as the Chaco and the inter-Andean valley forests, which form a continuous belt (Chaco–Andes dry forest belt). Some of the taxa that ...

A wide spectrum of song complexity has been documented in a broad range of animal taxa. However, the underlying processes shaping acoustic differences are still poorly understood. Empirical and theoretical studies suggest ...

The choice of the most appropriate method is determined by the precision desired by the researcher, by the ease of the analysis, as well as by the way of obtaining the data. In order to select lineages of low size and high ...

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a very important cereal to world-wide economy which is also true for Brazil, particularly in the South region. Grain yield and plant height have been chosen as important criteria by breeders and ...

Currently, Liolaemus is the second most species-rich reptile genus in the world (257 species), and predictions of its real diversity suggest that it may be the most diverse genus. Originally, Liolaemus species were described ...