In vertebrates, brain size variability relates to two main parameters: body size and ecological factors (in particular diet and foraging strategy). It has been considered by many authors that evolutionary brain growth is ...

Tracing the evolution of the central rhythm generators associated with ventilation in vertebrates is hindered by a lack of information surrounding key transitions. To begin with, central rhythm generation has been studied ...

Dissecting aneurysms of the vertebral artery at its intracranial segment are uncommon lesions, mainly when associated to subarachnoid hemorrhage, being also rare fenestrations of the vertebral artery. They present high ...

The prevalence and risk factors of radiographic vertebral fracture were determined among Brazilian community-dwelling elderly. Vertebral fractures were a common condition in this elderly population, and lower hip bone ...

We evaluated the fractures of the lumbar and sacral vertebral limbus by disc impingement at the peripheral ring apophysis in 23 adults associated with trauma in 76 of them. Lumbalgia, radicular pain and narrow canal symptoms ...

This is a review of the main uses of vertebrate trace fossils, ichnofabrics and ichnofacies in the palaeoenvironmental analysis of sedimentary sequences. The article accounts for the significant developments produced in ...

Postoperative pain in dogs undergoing vertebral surgery is classified as severe and is important an adequate approach to it, because it can influences recovery time, quality of life and surgery outcome. Opioids are indicating ...

GnRH-associated peptide (GAP) is the C-terminal portion of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) preprohormone. Although it was reported in mammals that GAP may act as a prolactin-inhibiting factor and can be co-secreted ...

In this paper, the early Pleistocene small vertebrate sequence of Quibas-Sima (Quibas karstic complex, Murcia, SE Spain) is presented. The available magnetostratigraphic information together with the small vertebrate ...