The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) clonixin, diclofenac, piroxicam, ketoprofen, meloxicam, and paracetamol induced antinociception after intraperitoneal or intrathecal administration in mice submitted to an ...

Pain is one of the most common reasons for patients to seek medical care. Bee Apis mellifera venom (AMV) has traditionally been used to treat inflammatory diseases and the alleviation of pain. Herein, we aimed to investigate ...

The antinociceptive activity of antidepressant drugs is poorly understood. In this study, using the acetic acid writhing test in mice, the antinociception produced by clomipramine (CLO), maprotiline (MAP), imipramine (IMI), ...

The antinociceptive activity of the antidepressant agents imipramine, maprotiline and amitriptyline and their interactions with morphine and aminophylline were evaluated using the acetic acid writhing test of mouse. All ...

The mechanism of action of tramadol includes the activation of opioid receptors, and the potential ability of the drug to induce tolerance and physical dependence has been evaluated in different animal species and humans. ...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in pain whose mechanism of action is the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COXs), however, there are evidence of other mechanisms of action, such as the ...

Objective: To perform a literature review of the thermal and mechanical antinociceptive devices used in pharmacological studies in standing horses published after 2011 (2012–2019). To complete a full literature review about ...

Stress can enhance and inhibit nociception depending on the situation. Thus, simply shifting the context from the elevated plus maze (EPM) which has been shown to produce stress-induced antinociception to a different ...

Stress can enhance and inhibit nociception depending on the situation. Thus, simply shifting the context from the elevated plus maze (EPM) which has been shown to produce stress-induced antinociception to a different ...