An anatomical variation of the left vertebral artery, detected in a cadaver used for teaching purposes in the Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Chile is presented. In this case, the aortic ...

Tracing the evolution of the central rhythm generators associated with ventilation in vertebrates is hindered by a lack of information surrounding key transitions. To begin with, central rhythm generation has been studied ...

In vertebrates, brain size variability relates to two main parameters: body size and ecological factors (in particular diet and foraging strategy). It has been considered by many authors that evolutionary brain growth is ...

This is a review of the main uses of vertebrate trace fossils, ichnofabrics and ichnofacies in the palaeoenvironmental analysis of sedimentary sequences. The article accounts for the significant developments produced in ...

Axial vertebral rotation, an important parameter in the assessment of scoliosis may be identified on X-ray images. In line with the advances in the field of digital radiography, hospitals have been increasingly using this ...

In vertebrates, sex organs are generally specialized to perform a male or female reproductive role. Acquisition of the Mullerian duct, which gives rise to the oviduct, together with emergence of the Amh/Amhr2 system favored ...

Background: The increasing number of developmental events and molecular mechanisms associated with the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway from Drosophila to vertebrates, suggest that gene regulation is crucial for diverse cellular ...