The physiological hydroelectrolytic balance and the redox steady state in the kidney are accomplished by an intricate interaction between signals from extrarenal and intrarenal sources and between antinatriuretic and ...

Abstract Background Treatment decisions on critically ill patients with circulatory shock lack consensus. In an international survey, we aimed to evaluate the indications, ...

There is a great need for the development of a safe and efficient blood substitute, to overcome the important limitations of homologous blood transfusion. Currently available cell-free hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying ...