Both quinacrine and chloroquine had been used as antimalarial agents. Furthermore, antineoplastic and antiviral effects have been described for quinacrine, while chloroquine has been described to induce viral replication ...

Concomitant tumor resistance (CR) is a phenomenon in which a tumor-bearing host is resistant to the growth of secondary tumor implants. This phenomenon has been described in human and animal systems and it can be generated ...

Gap junctions (GJs)-mediated intercellular communications (GJICs) are connexin (Cx)-formed plasma membrane channels that allow for the passage of small molecules between adjacent cells, and are involved in several ...

Activity of endogenous promoters can be altered by including additional responsive elements (REs). These elements can be responsive to features of the tumor environment or alternatively to signaling pathways specifically ...

Hypoxia, a common condition of the tumor microenvironment, is associated with poor patient prognosis, tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Recent evidence suggests that hypoxia alters endosome dynamics in tumor ...

Although surgical extirpation of tumors is usually clinically recommended, tumor removal may entail an undesired side effect: the risk of accelerating the growth of metastases. This effect may account for the relatively ...

The role of cytokines in modulating the formation of new tumors is mediated by their ability to regulate antigen-specific anti-tumor responses and by the activation of non-specific mechanisms, including those involved in ...

Promoter hypermethylation is gaining strength as one of the main mechanisms through which tumor suppressor genes are silenced during tumor progression. Three tumor suppressor genes are frequently found methylated in their ...