The main contribution of this paper is to discuss the implications of a ‘soft’ budget constraint on optimal transit fares and subsidies. We find that the e↵ect of productive ine"ciencies on optimal fares and subsidy levels ...

We study nonequilibrium quantum phase transitions in the XY spin 1/2 chain using the C* algebra. We show that the well-known quantum phase transition at a magnetic field of h = 1 also persists in the nonequilibrium setting ...

The transition method for image binarization is based on the concept of t-transition pixels, a generalization of edge pixels, and t-transition sets. We introduce a novel unsupervised thresholding for unimodal histograms ...

The transition method for image binarization is based on the concept of t-transition pixels, a generalization of edge pixels, and t-transition sets. We introduce a novel unsupervised thresholding for unimodal histograms ...

Bus bunching affects transit operations by increasing passenger waiting times and its variability. This work proposes a new mathematical programming model to control vehicles operating on a transit corridor minimizing total ...

We extend the Killeen-Taylor study [Nonlinearity 13 (2000)] by investigating in different Banach spaces (l(alpha)(N), c(0)(N),c(N)) the point, continuous and residual spectra of stochastic perturbations of the shift operator ...

We extend the Killeen-Taylor study [Nonlinearity 13 (2000)] by investigating in different Banach spaces (l(alpha)(N), c(0)(N),c(N)) the point, continuous and residual spectra of stochastic perturbations of the shift operator ...

We present two formulations of a model for finding equilibrium passenger and operator flows in a partially regulated transit system where bus operators are free to choose the routes on which they offer public transport ...

In this paper, we define some Markov chains associated with Vershik maps on Bratteli diagrams. We study probabilistic and spectral properties of their transition operators and we prove that the spectra of these operators ...