The present text was motivated by the difficulties faced by our postgraduate students when using airways studies protocols and will take into consideration the three mechanisms of relaxation: (I) guanosine 3,5-cyclic ...

Tracheal reconstruction is a complex surgical procedure that requires a well-trained, multidisciplinary team to achieve optimal results. No reviews or case reports involving the use of a healthy tracheal bridge to achieve ...

Congenital malformations of the trachea include a variety of conditions that cause respiratory distress in neonates and infants. A number of anomalies are self-limiting while others are life-threatening and require immediate ...

We studied the effects of tracheal tube cuffs filled with air, saline or alkalinised lidocaine on haemodynamic changes during tracheal extubation and postoperative laryngotracheal morbidity in children. We randomly allocated ...

Formaldehyde (FA) exposure induces upper airways irritation and respiratory abnormalities, but its mechanisms are not understood. Since mast cells are widely distributed in the airways, we hypothesized that FA might modify ...