When the area to be irrigated has a high slope gradient in the manifold line direction, an option is to use a tapered pipeline to economize on pipe costs and to keep the pressure head variations within desired limits. The ...

When the area to be irrigated has a high slope gradient in the manifold line direction, an option is to use a tapered pipeline to economize on pipe costs and to keep the pressure head variations within desired limits. The ...

A mathematical model developed recently by the authors is extended into a non linear mathematical programming problem to determine the nominal optimal sizing of equipment (heat transfer area) and optimal operation conditions ...

: This paper discusses the minimization of the total annual operative cost for a planning period of 20 years composed by the annualized costs of the energy purchasing at the substation bus summed with the annualized ...

Objective: Available estimates on how much it costs to provide routine immunization services are out-dated. This study attempts to address gaps in evidence by evaluating the total economic and unit costs of delivering ...

Background In 2014, 0.3% of the total population in Colombia was living with HIV/AIDS. The data currently available regarding the costs of these patients are very limited. Objectives To estimate the societal costs of ...

This paper deals with the problem of the optimal placement and sizing of distribution static compensators (D-STATCOM) in electrical distribution networks to reduce the total annual operative costs associated with the total ...

When an area to be irrigated has a high slope gradient in the manifold line direction, an option is to use a tapered pipeline to economize on pipe costs and to keep pressure head variations within desired limits. The ...

This study presents a master–slave methodology to solve the problem of optimally locating and sizing photovoltaic (PV) generation units in electrical networks. This problem is represented by means of a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear ...