The Teniente Converter (TC) is air important technology for smelting and converting copper concentrates. Due to the complexities of its autogenous Operation, which combines continuous input flows with intermittent product ...

The principal copper pyrometallurgical technology employed in Chile is the Teniente converter (TC). The smelting and converting processes involve complex dynamics with strong interactions among manipulated variables, state ...

This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model of transport phenomena which occur along a tuyere of the Teniente converter during injection of oxygen-enriched air. Inlet pressure, gas velocity and temperature, the ...

We have numerically studied the fluid dynamics in a model of Teniente type copper converter with combined lateral and bottom gas injection. The three-dimensional simulation of the two-phase system was carried out using the ...

We have numerically studied and experimentally visualized the fluid dynamics in a Teniente type copper converter. The three-dimensional simulation of the three-phase system was carried out using the volume of fluid (VOF) ...