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The impact of tonic immobility reaction on the prognosis of posttraumatic stress disorder
(Elsevier B.V., 2010-03-01)
Tonic immobility is the last defense reaction to entrapment by a predator. in humans, peritraumatic tonic immobility was correlated with PTSD severity and poor response to treatment. This study compared the role of ...
Topical application of morphine to the rat somatosensory corte produces analgesia to tonic pain
(1988)
Topical application of 0.01 or 0.1% morphine solution to the somatosensory SI area of the rat cerebral cortex significantly decreased the pain intensity rating in the formalin test without producing motor side efects or ...
Enhancement of tonic and phasic GABAergic currents following nitric oxide synthase inhibition in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
(Elsevier Ireland, 2015-01-27)
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus through different presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms that include the modulation of the GABAergic neurotransmission. Inhibitory synapses on ...
Synergism between fentanyl and tramadol in tonic inflammatory pain: The orofacial formalin test
(2012)
Opioids have been used for long time to management of pain, the coadministration of two opioids may induce synergism. The present study was conducted to determine the antinociceptive interaction between the dual mechanism ...
The adjustment of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) tonic subunits in Huntington's disease: from transcription to translation to synaptic levels into the neostriatum
(2018)
gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), plays a key role in all stages of life, also is considered the main inhibitory neurotransmitter. GABA activates two kind of membrane receptors known as GABA(A) and GABA(B), the first one is ...
Huntington's disease leads to decrease of GABA-A tonic subunits in the D2 neostriatal pathway and their relocalization into the synaptic cleft
(2018)
GABA is a widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter. GABA-A receptors are hetero-pentameric channels assembled in multiple combinations from 19 available subunits; this diversity mediates phasic and tonic inhibitory ...
Adrenocortical responses of Japanese quail to a routine weighing procedure and to tonic immobility induction
(Poultry Science Association, 2005-11-01)
Tonic immobility (TI) is induced by brief manual restraint, and it is a commonly used test of fearfulness, particularly in poultry. However, in view of increasing ethical concerns about experimentation on living animals, ...
An experimental approach to evaluate osmosis and tonicity on white blood cells by flow cytometry for biomedical physiology students
(Inst Biology, 2021-06-29)
Flow cytometry has become an important tool in the fields of veterinary, medicine, and biological sciences in general. However, in the introductory and even in advanced university degree courses, students do not have many ...
Genetic parameters for tonic immobility, body weight, and morphological traits of the red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens)
(Springer, 2020-01-01)
This study was carried out to estimate genetic parameters for morphology, body weight, and tonic immobility traits in the red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens). Information on 690 birds was used and genetic parameters ...