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Seasonal differences in the sunrise undulations at the dip equator at solar minimum at two distinct locations and their relation with postsunset electrodynamics
(American Geophysical Union, 2014-06-18)
A sunrise undulation (SU) is observed by ionosondes when new ionization is produced at sunrise in the upper F region at the geomagnetic equator. It creates a very quick upward transition in the F region peak altitude (hmF2), ...
Nighttime vertical plasma drifts and the occurrence of sunrise undulation at the dip equator: A study using Jicamarca incoherent backscatter radar measurements
(American Geophysical Union, 2013-10-23)
The absence of photoionization, in combination with sustained downward plasma motion at night, means that the F region can be severely depleted at the magnetic equator in the morning. As a result, at sunrise, there can be ...