Renal involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) has a negative influence on prognosis. Cases of SSc sine scleroderma have been reported in which organ failure occurred but was not accompanied by cutaneous damage, which in ...

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can be primary, when it occurs alone, or secondary, when it is associated with another autoimmune disease, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus and rarely other autoimmune diseases. Cases ...

Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by excessive collagen production. The oral manifestations of the patient with scleroderma can include microstomia, xerostomia, and changes in the resorption teeth. We ...

Systemic scleroderma is a relatively rare, autoimmune, chronic, and debilitating disease, and its etiology is unknown.The disease is characterized by vasomotor disturbances causing skin and mucosa hardening, hand stiffness, ...

Background: Muscle atrophy and asymmetric extremity growth is a common feature of linear scleroderma (LS). Extra-cutaneous features are also common and primary neurologic involvement, with sympathetic dysfunction, may have ...

Objective. Juvenile localized scleroderma (JLS) includes a number of conditions often grouped together. With the long-term goal of developing uniform classification criteria, we studied the epidemiological, clinical and ...

Objective. Juvenile localized scleroderma (JLS) includes a number of conditions often grouped together. With the long-term goal of developing uniform classification criteria, we studied the epidemiological, clinical and ...