Fire is one of the main factors shaping vegetation characteristics around the world, with deep and complex effects on higher levels of the food web and ecosystem functioning. Specialist insects tend to be more vulnerable ...

Growth defense tradeoff theory predicts that plants in low-resource habitats invest more energy in defense mechanisms against natural enemies than growth, whereas plants in high-resource habitats can afford higher leaf ...

Insects are able to learn from experience acquired in their natal habitat, thereby obtaining adaptive advantages. However, the acquisition of new information could involve defects in retrieving previously learned information ...

Worldwide, populations of a diverse array of bamboo-specialist birds must respond to the life cycles of typical woody bamboos, which include a long vegetative phase, a short period in sexual reproduction (seeding), and a ...

Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792), called the giant armadillo, is monotypic and by far the largest extant armadillo. Average adult weight is about 30 kg (in captivity, as high as 80 kg). Its carapace extends about halfway ...

Herbivorous insect species with narrow diet breadth are expected to be more prone to genetic differentiation than insect species with a wider diet breadth. However, a generalist can behave as a local specialist if a single ...