Several species of woodpecker drill holes in living trees to feed on flows of sap. We describe sap-holes drilled by the White-fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes cactorum) on plant species in semi-arid woodlands of northern ...

Woodpeckers feed primarily on insects, larvae and other arthropods; however, several members of this family include plant products in their diets, such as sap. Among them, the genera Sphyrapicus and Melanerpes include the ...

Sap is a resource of high energy content that is usually inaccessible to birds, although woodpeckers have the ability to drill into living trees to obtain sap. Because spatial patterns of resource availability influence ...

The White-fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes cactorum) drills wells in living branches and trunks of trees and shrubs to feed on sap flows, providing an energy-rich food resource for other bird species diverse in ecological ...

Water availability is a principal factor limiting the distribution of closed-canopy forest in the seasonal tropics, suggesting that forest tree species may not be well adapted to cope with seasonal drought. We studied 11 ...

Tree physiological processes are affected not only by environmental conditions, but also by phenological leaf stages. During foliar expansion, rapid changes occur, such as the activation of metabolic processes that encompass ...