Magnesia hydration is a key concern in refractory castable processing. The volumetric expansion that follows this reaction can result in cracks or even explosion during the first heating-up. Citric acid (CA) and other ...

Refractory castables are composed of fractions of fine to fairly coarse particles. The fine fraction is constituted primarily of raw materials and calcium aluminate cement, which becomes hydrated, forming chemical bonds ...

This work addresses the thermodynamic evaluation of different spinel-containing refractory castable compositions in contact with a basic steel ladle slag (CaO/SiO2 ~ 9). The main differences among the castable compositions ...

The better performance of spinel-containing refractory castables when in contact with basic slag is mainly associated with their higher corrosion resistance. Although the literature has shown various studies related to ...

This work revisits the proposed mechanisms presented in the literature for CA6 formation in Al2O3-MgO and Al2O3-MgAl2O4 castables bonded with calcium aluminate cement. New experimental tests, thermodynamic simulations and ...

This work focuses on the evaluation of the corrosion behavior of Al2O3-MgO cement-bonded castables based on thermodynamic calculations, in order to understand the reaction steps and some scientific and technological issues ...

Although the in situ spinel formation in alumina–magnesia refractory castables induces an expansive behavior, many investigations highlight its positive role in the corrosion resistance of such materials. Thus, this work ...

The growing demand of the steel industry for cheaper and more efficient production processes creates a necessity for new refractory materials. These requirements are written in terms of more robust concretes, with a ...

This work addresses the main aspects related to the use of alternative binders [hydratable (HA) or colloidal alumina (ColAlu)] in castables containing different spinel sources (pre-formed or in situ generated), in order ...