The aim of this case-control study was to examine differences in neural correlates of pain facilitatory and inhibitory mechanisms between acute low back pain (LBP) patients and healthy individuals. Pressure pain tolerance, ...

Background: Expectation is a very potent pain modulator in both humans and animals. There is evidence that pain transmission neurons are modulated by expectation preceding painful stimuli. Nonetheless, few studies have ...

Pain is a complex entity that can be described in several dimensions, such as, acute pain and chronic pain, characterized by its duration. After the tissue injury, the activation of the sensory nervous tissue occurs from ...

Background: Central sensitisation may contribute to persistent musculoskeletal shoulder pain. Few studies have provided a comprehensive sensory and psychosocial evaluation of this population. Objective: To comprehensively ...

Empathy for pain is the ability to perceive and understand the pain in the other individual. Recent studies suggested that rodents have this social ability. GABAergic system has receptors in the brain structures involved ...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in pain whose mechanism of action is the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COXs), however, there are evidence of other mechanisms of action, such as the ...

We assessed for the first time the long-term maintenance of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-induced analgesia in patients with chronic widespread pain due to fibromyalgia. Forty consecutive patients ...

Background: Protective mechanisms that modulate and lead to habituation to pain are immature in preterm newborn infants.Aims: To evaluate if a routine non-painful handling will be perceived as painful throughout the neonatal ...