The present article summarizes the main events involved in the isthmic organizer and optic tectum determination and analyses how optic tectum patterning is translated, by the organized operation of several specific cell ...

© 2014, The Author(s).There is a consensus that birds detect the earth’s magnetic field and use some of its features for orientation and homing purposes. Since the late 1960s, when the first solid behavioral evidence of ...

Background: Sonic hedgehog (Shh)/Gli pathway plays an important regulatory role on the neuroepithelial cells (NEc) proliferation in the dorsal regions of the developing vertebrate Central Nervous System. The aim of this ...

The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in several neurobiological processes, including neurodegeneration and neuro protection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of unilateral retinal ablation on the ...

The topography of the retinal nasal and temporal foveal projections upon the optic nerve and primary visual centers was studied in diurnal bifoveate birds of prey by means of restricted tritiated proline intraocular injection.

The isthmic complex is part of a visual midbrain circuit thought to be involved in stimulus selection and spatial attention. In birds, this circuit is composed of the nuclei isthmi pars magnocellularis (Imc), pars ...