Olfactory chemotransduction involves a signaling cascade. In addition to triggering transduction, odors suppress ion conductances. By stimulating with brief odorant pulses, we observed a current associated with odor-induced ...

Vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) exhibit odor-induced increases in action potential firing rate due to an excitatory cAMP-dependent current. Fish and amphibian ORNs also give inhibitory odor responses, manifested ...

In toad olfactory neurons, a putrid odorant mixture inducing inhibitory responses increases Ca2+-activated K+ conductance, developing a hyperpolarizing receptor potential. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ or exposure to ...

Learning about olfactory stimuli is essential in bumblebees' life since it is involved in orientation, recognition of nest sites, foraging efficiency and food yield for the colony as a whole. To evaluate associative learning ...

It is reported in the literature that nearly 20% of rats are susceptible to displays of wild running (WR) behavior when submitted to high intensity acoustic stimulation. Some characteristics of WR suggest that it can be ...

Animals faced with conflicting cues, such as predatory threat and a given rewarding stimulus, must make rapid decisions to engage in defensive versus other appetitive behaviors. The brain mechanisms mediating such responses ...

Odor stimulation may excite or inhibit olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). It is well established that the excitatory response involves a cyclic AMP (cAMP) transduction mechanism that activates a nonselective cationic cyclic ...