The specific role of the chloride anion (Cl−) as a signalling effector or second messenger has been increasingly recognized in recent years. It could represent a key factor in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Changes ...

Jasmonates (JAs) are signaling molecules involved in stress responses, development and secondary metabolites production, although their roles in fruit development and ripening are not well known in plants. The aim of ...

Studies done many years ago established unequivocally the key role of calcium as a universal second messenger. In contrast, the second messenger roles of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have emerged only recently. ...

Unraveling the molecular processes involved in the genesis, differentiation, and cell death of the nervous system is an intense and continual interest of the neuroscience community. In recent years, the preponderance of ...

Calcium ion is a highly versatile cellular messenger. Calcium signals-defined as transient increments in intracellular-free calcium concentration-elicit a multiplicity of responses that depend on cell type and signal ...