© 2015 Elsevier Inc. Transport is a known stressful event that, when occurring together with other stressful situations such as weaning, could have a deleterious effect on the welfare of foals. The aim of this study was ...

Grafting has been a long-standing technique used to improve crop production and provide tolerance to biotic stresses, including soil-borne pathogens, as well as tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as cold, salinity, drought, ...

The efficient combined use of water and energy in long distance slurry pipelines is analyzed in light of the total cost function resulting from an energy and mass balance. Given a system throughput and a set of common ...

Livestock transport exposes animals to a range of potential stressors that may compromise their welfare and final product quality, and those effects typically increase with the distance travelled. In North America, producers ...

The term efficiency in hydraulic transport system design and operation has several possible interpretations. Whether it may stand for energy consumption, it may also aim to the minimization of the water or the carbon ...

This paper presents a mathematical model and an algorithm based on ant colony optimization to solve a long distance routing problems. The size of freight is relatively small, which uses Last In First Out “LIFO” policy and ...