Fear is a powerful response to danger, and a strong driver of evolution. The "landscape of fear" concept has helped ecologists to describe how animals’ perception of predation risk alters their spatial (e.g. Laundré, ...

The sacred values of the landscape and their meaning depend on the cultural contexts of reference that over time have consolidated or modified traditions, rituals and beliefs. The sacredness of the landscape has no ...

Wildlife distribution is driven by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that limit species to habitats with the adequate resources and conditions to maintain their survival. The selection of specific habitats by ...

The landscape of fear has profound effects on the species behavior, with most organisms engaging in risk avoidance behaviors in areas perceived as riskier. Most risk avoidance behaviors, such as temporal avoidance, have ...

Growing human populations are challenging scientists to find effective ways to control and mitigate human–wildlife conflict while preserving biodiversity. It has been reported that predator odor and calls can drive away ...

Predators directly and indirectly affect the density and the behavior of prey. These effects may potentially cascade down to lower trophic levels. In this study, we tested the effects of predator calls (playbacks of bird ...