Conditionalites, measures that a borrowing country should adopt to obtain loans from the IMF, are pervasive in IMF programs. This paper estimates the effects of political and economic factors on the number of conditionalities ...

This article aims at adding to the debate on the impacts of exchange rate misalignment on trade. It is the continuation of an article-The Missing Link between the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Monetary ...

This article is part of a broader study on the impacts of exchange rate on trade. It searches for an explanation on why there is no effective rule in the World Trade Organization (WTO) to neutralize the negative impacts ...

The ability to provide financial assistance along with its role as auditor and guarantor of economic programs provides the International Monetary Fund (imf) with an important power resource when intervening countries that ...

This paper proposes a model to study how conditional lending and immediate liquidity provision affect incentives for fiscal adjustment in a country facing the risk of sovereign default. Conditional lending provides explicit ...

On 7 January 2005 (Ap=40) prompt penetration electric field perturbations of opposite polarities were observed over Thumba and Jicamarca on a few occasions during 13:45–16:30 UT. However, the electric field was found to ...