Determining which factors contribute to the formation and maintenance of genetic divergence to evaluate their relative importance as a cause of biological differentiation is among the major challenges in evolutionary ...

In organisms using a wide variety of refuges, both the cost and benefits to the users might be refuge-specific. Under these circumstances, users using mechanisms (e.g., behavioral preference) that allow them to find and ...

Modern agriculture is mostly based on homogeneous crops, which are pest, disease and weed susceptible; this situation requires a permanent, mandatory input of synthetic pesticides into these oversimplified agroecosystems. ...

Uma das associações simbióticas fascinantes na natureza é o mutualismo entre as formigas da tribo Attini (atíneas) e fungos que cultivam como alimento. Fungos do gênero Escovopsis são considerados parasitas dos fungos ...

The association between the myrmecophyte Triplaris and ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex is an often-reported example of mutualism but no molecular studies have examined this association to date. In this study, the interspecific ...

1. Although several species of Peucetia (Oxyopidae) live strictly in association with plants bearing glandular trichomes worldwide, to date little is known about whether these associations are mutualistic.2. In this study ...

1. Although several species of Peucetia (Oxyopidae) live strictly in association with plants bearing glandular trichomes worldwide, to date little is known about whether these associations are mutualistic.2. In this study ...

Shiny Cowbirds Molothrus bonariensis and Screaming Cowbirds Molothrus rufoaxillaris are closely related brood parasites but the former is socially polygynous or promiscuous and an extreme host generalist, whereas the latter ...