Studies on the sociality of heterospecific assemblages of birds have promoted a greater understanding of the types of interactions and survivorship between coexisting species. This study verified the group compositions in ...

Studies on the sociality of heterospecific assemblages of birds have promoted a greater understanding of the types of interactions and survivorship between coexisting species. This study verified the group compositions in ...

In ostariophysan fish, the detection of alarm substance released from the skin of a conspecific or a sympatric heterospecific may elicit alarm reactions or antipredator behavioral responses. In this study, experiments were ...

Several studies on the social behavior of birds have shown two main benefits of social groups: optimization of foraging and decreasing the risk of predation. We tested whether the association between rufous hornero (Furnarius ...

For a plant with bird-dispersed seeds, the effectiveness of seed dispersal can change with fruit availability at scales ranging from individual plants to neighborhoods, and the scale at which frugivory patterns emerge may ...

The degradation of natural grassland and open area remnants is still intense and affect environmental integrity of these ecosystems. The mixed-flocks of birds are a common feature in open environments which provide advantages ...

Most aquatic animals use infochemicals from both conspecifics and heterospecifics to assess local predation risks and enhance predator detection. Released substances from injured conspecifics and other species (chemical ...

Territoriality is a widespread behavioral phenomenon that functions for partitioning space and defending resources. Birds tend to defend territories against homospecific individuals through long-distance acoustic signals, ...