We define and analyse a least-squares finite element method for a first-order reformulation of a scaled Brinkman model of fluid flow through porous media. We introduce a pseudostress variable that allows to eliminate the ...

Folic acid is a B complex water-soluble vitamin that is essential to humans, and its deficiency can cause problems including congenital malformations in the fetus as well as heart disease. Most countries affected by diseases ...

In this research, an improved first order formulation is presented to study the critical buckling load in functionally graded beams. The formulation has five independent variables in comparison with the Timoshenko theory ...

In this work, a finite element model based on an improved first-order formulation (IFSDT) is developed to analyze buckling phenomenon in laminated composite beams. The formulation has five independent variables and takes ...

We study a fourth-order div problem and its approximation by the discontinuous Petrov-Galerkin method with optimal test functions. We present two variants, based on first and second-order systems. In both cases, we prove ...

A first-order formulation to analyze the dynamic response of layered soil profiles is presented as an alternative to the widely used second-order thin-layer method by the direct stiffness approach, including an efficient ...

Recently, the Hamilton-Jacobi formulation for first-order constrained systems has been developed. In such formalism the equations of motion are written as total differential equations in many variables. We generalize the ...