Prenatal ethanol exposure modifies postnatal affinity to the drug, increasing the probability of ethanol use and abuse. The present study tested developing rats (5-day-old) in a novel operant technique to assess the degree ...

Likelihood of alcohol use disorders is greater in adolescence than in other developmental stages. Greater novelty-seeking, enhanced sensitivity to stress or to ethanol-induced appetitive effects, or lessened sensitivity ...

Alcohol (ethanol) reinforcement involves the ethanol-induced activation of the endogenous opioid system (enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins). This activation may increase the hedonic value and the reinforcing effects ...

This review article addresses the biological factors that influence: (i) the acquisition of alcohol intake; (ii) the maintenance of chronic alcohol intake; and (iii) alcohol relapse-like drinking behavior in animals bred ...

This review article addresses the biological factors that influence: (i) the acquisition of alcohol intake; (ii) the maintenance of chronic alcohol intake; and (iii) alcohol relapse-like drinking behavior in animals bred ...

Adolescent rats exhibit ethanol-induced locomotor activity (LMA), which is considered an index of ethanol's motivational properties likely to predict ethanol self-administration, but few studies have reported or correlated ...

Background: While the molecular entity responsible for the rewarding effects of virtually all drugs of abuse is known, that for ethanol remains uncertain. Some lines of evidence suggest that the rewarding effects of alcohol ...