Background. Plants possess a sophisticated immune system to defend from herbivores. These defence responses are regulated by plant hormones including salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Sometimes, plant defences ...

Background and aims: Complex webs of multiple interactions determine the final aboveground and belowground community structure. While the mechanisms are difficult to determine, soil conditioning may modify other plants ...

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is an annual grass considered as one of the most important temperate forage grasses in the world. However, it is recalcitrant to plant tissue culture techniques hindering its genetic ...

Most terrestrial plants establish symbiotic associations with microorganisms that enable them to overcome abiotic or biotic filters in ecosystems. Here we investigated how aerial mutualisms involving invasive species may ...

Plants interact with a myriad of microorganisms that modulate their interactions within the community. A well-described example is the symbiosis between grasses and Epichloë fungal endophytes that protects host plants from ...

Ground-level ozone is a global air pollutant with high toxicity and represents a threat to plants and microorganisms. Although beneficial microorganisms can improve host performance, their role in connecting environmentally ...

Vertically transmitted fungal endophytes are common defensive symbionts of cool-season grasses. Protection against herbivores has been generally associated with alkaloids produced in the grass-endophyte symbiosis. However, ...

Tropospheric ozone is among the global change factors that pose a threat to plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic microorganisms can assist plants to cope with stress, but their role in the tolerance of plants to ozone is ...

Background and aims: It is proposed that Epichloë endophytes have a role protecting host grasses against pathogens. However, it is unclear whether this protection is extended to other non-symbiotic plants. Here we explored ...