Proca's electrodynamics describes a theory of massive photons which is not gauge invariant. In this paper we show that the gauge invariance is recovered if a scalar field is properly incorporated into the theory. We followed ...

Dirac equation is supported by a $SU(2) \otimes SU(2)$ group structure, such that its solutions describe two discrete degrees of freedom, intrinsic parity and spin, which in general are entangled. In this work we will ...

This paper extends the Gotay-Nester and the Dirac theories of constrained systems in order to deal with Dirac dynamical systems in the integrable case. Integrable Dirac dynamical systems are viewed as constrained systems ...

It is shown that a spin-1/2 fermion coupled to the axially symmetric electromagnetic vector potential has the same matrix structure as that one for the planar Dirac oscillator. In particular, the planar Dirac oscillator ...

In this paper, we make a generalization of Routh´s reduction method for Lagrangian systems with symmetry to the case where not any regularity condition is imposed on the Lagrangian. First, we show how implicit Lagrange-Routh ...

We present a new description of the spectrum of the (spin-) Dirac operator D on lens spaces. Viewing a spin lens space L as a locally symmetric space Gammaackslash operatorname{Spin}(2m)/operatorname{Spin}(2m-1) and ...

We show that a generalized Dirac structure survives beyond the linear regime of the low-energy dispersion relations of graphene. A generalized uncertainty principle of the kind compatible with specific quantum gravity ...

In this manuscript we study reductions of Dirac-Jacobi structures on a smooth manifold under the presence of symmetries given by the action of a connected Lie group. The main tools we used are the called "homogenization ...