Renal involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) has a negative influence on prognosis. Cases of SSc sine scleroderma have been reported in which organ failure occurred but was not accompanied by cutaneous damage, which in ...

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can be primary, when it occurs alone, or secondary, when it is associated with another autoimmune disease, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus and rarely other autoimmune diseases. Cases ...

Background: Muscle atrophy and asymmetric extremity growth is a common feature of linear scleroderma (LS). Extra-cutaneous features are also common and primary neurologic involvement, with sympathetic dysfunction, may have ...

BACKGROUND: Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive connective tissue sclerosis and microcirculatory changes. Localized scleroderma is considered a limited disease. However, in some cases ...

Background: Morphea (circumcripted cutaneous scleroderma) can be difficult to assess for lesion activity. Because variable-frequency ultrasound with color Doppler provides details of skin morphology and function, it may ...

Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) can involve the skin diffusely or in a limited way. Rarely cutaneous involvement can assume a hypertrophic form, described in the literature as keloidal scleroderma. The authors describe ...

Morphea is an autoimmune sclerotic skin disease of unknown pathogenesis. As type 1 interferons (IFN) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis, we proposed that type 1 IFN promote localized inflammation ...