Undesirable splashing appears in copper converters when air is injected into the molten matte to trigger the conversion process. We consider here a cylindrical container horizontally placed and containing water, where ...

The principal copper pyrometallurgical technology employed in Chile is the Teniente converter (TC). The smelting and converting processes involve complex dynamics with strong interactions among manipulated variables, state ...

The Teniente Converter (TC) is air important technology for smelting and converting copper concentrates. Due to the complexities of its autogenous Operation, which combines continuous input flows with intermittent product ...

Continuous converting of copper matte or white metal into blister copper is carried out in a new, high-intensity falling film type of molten-layer reactor that operates with dry, high-grade matte or white metal ground to ...

DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY CONTINUOUS FIRE REDUCTION OF LIQUID COPPER PREVIOUS ART Smelting of copper concentrates produces matte and slag. Copper matte is converted into blister copper in Peirce-Smith, Hoboken discontinuous ...