Though introduced recently, complex networks research has grown steadily because of its potential to represent, characterize and model a wide range of intricate natural systems and phenomena. Because of the intrinsic ...

Thanks to recent advances in molecular biology, allied to an ever increasing amount of experimental data, the functional state of thousands of genes can now be extracted simultaneously by using methods such as cDNA microarrays ...

A neural network model for solving constrained nonlinear optimization problems with bounded variables is presented. More specifically, a modified Hopfield network is developed and its internal parameters are computed using ...

Background: An important process for plant survival is the immune system. The induced systemic resistance (ISR) triggered by beneficial microbes is an important cost-effective defense mechanism by which plants are primed ...