Unlike business models of private banks based on profit maximization and shareholder-oriented governance, alternative banks (such as cooperative banks, government savings banks, and special purpose banks) share business ...

We studied the germinable soil seed bank of tall-tussock grasslands along an altitudinal gradient in the mountains of central Argentina. We selected 10 sampling plots at three altitudinal levels (1200 m, 1600 m and 2200 ...

In complex systems, homogeneity has been documented as a source of fragility. Likewise, in the financial sector, it has been documented as a contributing factor for systemic risk. We assess homogeneity in the Colombian ...

The recent increase in concentration levels and the regulation of financial systems around the world has revived the debate on the relationship between banking concentration, market competition and financial stability. In ...

Bank managers often claim that equity is expensive, which contradicts the Modigliani-Miller irrelevance theorem. An opaque bank must signal its solvency by paying high and stable dividends in order to keep depositors ...