Avoidance behaviors are central to the anxiety disorders and implicated in many other forms of psychopathology, but the reinforcing mechanism of avoidance remains largely elusive. It has been suggested that subjective ...

A single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or a sham ECS was administered to male 3-4-month-old Wistar rats 1, 2, and 4 h before training in an inhibitory avoidance test and in cued classical fear conditioning (measured by ...

The learning, retention and relearning of an instrumental visual avoidance response was studied in 98 rats, including normal rats and those with frontal, somatic, visual and auditory ablations. Significant differences were ...

The influence of posttraining subcutaneous administration of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was tested on the retention of either active or passive avoidance conditioning in male rats. Injection of LHRH ...

Several studies have demonstrated that the peptide LHRH can modify behavior in the male rat. Peripheral and intracerebral infusions of LHRH impair the acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses (CARs) and increase some ...

This work presents a sliding-mode method for robotic path conditioning. The proposal includes a trap avoidance algorithm in order to escape from trap situations, which are analogous to local minima in potential field-based ...

The changes in the acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses (CARs) and the performance of some spontaneous behaviors were examined across the estrous cycle of female rats. CARs were facilitated during diestrus, ...

Locomotion generates a visual movement pattern characterized as optic flow. To explore how the locomotor adjustments are affected by this pattern, an experimental paradigm was developed to eliminate optic flow during ...