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THE CAUDAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA IS A SOURCE of TONIC SYMPATHOINHIBITION
(Elsevier B.V., 1993-09-03)
The caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) contains neurons that are essential for the elaboration of the sympathoinhibitory effects of baroreceptor afferent stimulation. To determine if neurons in the CVLM also mediate a ...
Tonic and phasic receptor neurons in the vertebrate olfactory epithelium
(Biophysical Society, 2003)
Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) respond to odorants with characteristic patterns of action potentials that are relevant for odor coding. Prolonged odorant exposures revealed three populations of dissociated toad ORNs, ...
Role of homocysteic acid in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) anterior cingulate cortex in tonic immobility and the influence of NMDA receptors on the dorsal PAG
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2010)
Tonic immobility (TI) is an innate defensive behaviour elicited by physical restriction and Postural inversion, and is characterised by a profound and temporary state of akinesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that ...
Role of dorsal raphe nucleus 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2) receptors in tonic immobility modulation in guinea pigs
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2009)
Tonic immobility (TI) is an innate defensive behavior characterized by a state of physical inactivity and diminished responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Behavioral adaptations to changes in the external and internal ...
Modulation of tonic immobility in guinea pig PAG by homocysteic acid, a glutamate agonist
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008)
Tonic immobility (TI) is an innate defensive behavior elicited by physical restriction and postural inversion, and is characterized by a profound and temporary state of motor inhibition. The participation of the periaqueductal ...
Functional mapping of the periaqueductal gray matter involved in organizing tonic immobility behavior in guinea pigs
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2011)
Tonic immobility behavior (TI) is an innate response characterized by profound motor inhibition that is exhibited by prey when physical contact with a predator is prolonged and the situation inescapable. The periaqueductal ...
Opioidergic, GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the dorsal raphe nucleus modulates tonic immobility in guinea pigs
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORD, 2012-01)
Tonic immobility (TI) is an innate defensive behavior that can be elicited by physical restriction and postural inversion and is characterized by a profound and temporary state of akinesis. Our previous studies demonstrated ...
Visual contrast sensitivity in tonic-clonic epileptic patients
(Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade de BrasíliaUniversidade de São Paulo, 2011)
We measured the effects of epilepsy on visual contrast sensitivity to linear and vertical sine-wave gratings. Sixteen female adults, aged 21 to 50 years, comprised the sample in this study, including eight adults with ...
An Improved Approach For Measuring The Tonic Stretch Reflex Response Of Spastic Muscles
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science LTDOxford, 2017)