masterThesis
Espaço escolar e livro didático de história no Brasil: a institucionalização de um modelo a partir do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (1994 a 2014)
Fecha
2017-07-10Registro en:
SOARES, Jandson Bernardo. Espaço escolar e livro didático de história no Brasil: a institucionalização de um modelo a partir do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (1994 a 2014). 2017. 187f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2017.
Autor
Soares, Jandson Bernardo
Resumen
This work aims to map, understand and analyze the elements that structured the school space, the relationships and actions developed by historical subjects at the moment of production of the qualification criteria of textbooks and history, as well as the forms, meanings, uses and functions attributed to the school's historical knowledge, institutionalized by the National Textbook Program (PNLD), between 1994 and 2014; to investigate the role of such a program for the construction of such criteria, post-civil-military dictatorship, as well as its transformations, thus exploring its historicity. For that, we analyzed the production of research on the History textbooks in order to reflect on how the specialists visited this spatiality when they deal with the textbook of History and situate the present production in relation to the other researches on History textbooks and as it deals with a gap: the study of the uses, forms, functions and meanings attributed to historical knowledge in the school space and in the textbook of History. This fact links this research to the Didactics of History, a field that studies such aspects of historical knowledge. We also analyzed the documents that supported the process of selecting the characteristics that a good History textbook should have, namely: Definitions of Criteria for Evaluation of Didactic Books - Portuguese, Mathematics, Social Studies and Sciences / 1st to 4th (1994 ) and Recommendations for a Public Policy on Didactic Books (2001), which would mark initial efforts in this direction. Finally, we have studied the PNLD Public Schools of Primary Education between 2000 and 2014, documents that continued the process of parameterization of the social practice of textbook production. Thus, they sought to observe socio-historically what led to the selection of quality parameters attributed to the History textbook after civil-military dictatorship, from what was strained in the school space at the time of its elaboration. For this, it was used the content analysis, founded by Laurence Bardin, as a methodology of work, which allowed to observe the documents beyond its apparent message, revealing historical, sociological and even psychological elements. He was also involved in the theory of space practiced, developed by Michel de Certeau, since it allowed to understand the school space as a diffuse space, mainly marked by its relational dimension. This analysis sought to understand the tensions that permeate the school space when it was practiced by its agents when dealing with the History textbook from 1994 to 2014. It was possible to verify, through this work, that the production of quality criteria was, in an initial moment, linked to the notions of neoliberal capital, government remains of Itamar Franco and FHC, but that, from the rise of the Workers' Party to the presidency, a new format was given to the PNLD. This was marked by a greater approximation of the State in relation to the practice of textbook production in Brazil, thus delimiting what was expected of a good didactic material, no longer concerned solely with the insertion of Brazil into the world of globalized capital, but for the formation of the citizen that was expected for Brazilian republican society, capable of acting and reflecting and exercising their rights. At the same time, this research also made it possible to visualize elements and agents that make up the school space, when it comes to the production of didactic books, as well as their tactics and strategies in the moment of actions in such spatiality, marked by a scriptural economy.