Artículos de revistas
Downhill Running Excessive Training Inhibits Hypertrophy In Mice Skeletal Muscles With Different Fiber Type Composition
Registro en:
Journal Of Cellular Physiology. Wiley-liss Inc., v. 231, n. 5, p. 1045 - 1056, 2016.
219541
10.1002/jcp.25197
2-s2.0-84956674987
Institución
Resumen
The aim of this study was to verify the effects of running overtraining protocols performed in downhill, uphill, and without inclination on the proteins related to hypertrophy signaling pathway in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus of C57BL/6 mice. We also performed histological and stereological analyses. Rodents were divided into control (CT; sedentary mice), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up), and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR). The incremental load, exhaustive, and grip force tests were used as performance evaluation parameters. 36h after the grip force test, EDL and soleus were removed and immediately used for immunoblotting analysis or stored at -80°C for histological and stereological analyses. For EDL, OTR/down decreased the protein kinase B (Akt) and tuberous sclerosis protein 2 (TSC2) phosphorylation (p), and increased myostatin, receptor-activated Smads (pSMAD2-3), and insulin receptor substrate-1 (pIRS-1; Ser307/636). OTR/down also presented low and high relative proportions of cytoplasm and connective tissue, respectively. OTR/up increased the mammalian target of rapamycin (pmTOR), 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (pS6K1) and pSMAD2-3, and decreased pTSC2. OTR decreased pTSC2 and increased pIRS-1 (Ser636). For soleus, OTR/down increased S6 ribosomal protein (pS6RP) and pSMAD2-3, and decreased pIRS-1 (Ser639). OTR/up decreased pS6K1, pS6RP and pIRS-1 (Ser639), and increased pTSC2 (Ser939), and pSMAD2-3. OTR increased pS6RP, 4E-binding protein-1 (p4E-BP1), pTSC2 (Ser939), and pSMAD2-3, and decreased pIRS-1 (Ser639). In summary, OTR/down inhibited the skeletal muscle hypertrophy with concomitant signs of atrophy in EDL. The effects of OTR/up and OTR depended on the analyzed skeletal muscle type. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 231 5 1045 1056 Amirouche, A., Durieux, A.C., Banzet, S., Koulmann, N., Bonnefoy, R., Mouret, C., Bigard, X., Freyssenet, D., Down-regulation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in response to myostatin overexpression in skeletal muscle (2009) Endocrinol, 150, pp. 286-294 Anderson, K.D., Abdul, M., Steward, O., Quantitative assessment of deficits and recovery of forelimb motor function after cervical spinal cord injury in mice (2004) Exp Neurol, 190, pp. 184-191 Atherton, P.J., Babraj, J.A., Smith, K., Singh, J., Rennie, M.J., Wackerhage, H., Selective activation of AMPK-PGC-1 alpha or PKB-TSC2-mTOR signaling can explain specific adaptive responses to endurance or resistance training-like electrical muscle stimulation (2005) FASEB J, 19, pp. 786-788 Bodine, S.C., MTOR signaling and the molecular adaptation to resistance exercise (2006) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 38, pp. 1950-1957 Boppart, M.D., Burkin, D.J., Kaufman, S.J., Alpha7beta1-integrin regulates mechanotransduction and prevents skeletal muscle injury (2006) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 290, pp. C1660-C1665 Bosquet, L., Leger, L., Legros, P., Blood lactate response to overtraining in male endurance athletes (2001) Eur J Appl Physiol, 84, pp. 107-114 Bradford, M.M., A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding (1976) Anal Biochem, 72, pp. 248-254 Carmichael, M.D., Davis, J.M., Murphy, E.A., Brown, A.S., Carson, J.A., Mayer, E., Ghaffar, A., Recovery of running performance following muscle-damaging exercise: Relationship to brain IL-1beta (2005) Brain Behav Immun, 19, pp. 445-452 Carmichael, M.D., Davis, J.M., Murphy, E.A., Brown, A.S., Carson, J.A., Mayer, E.P., Ghaffar, A., Role of brain IL-1beta on fatigue after exercise-induced muscle damage (2006) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 291, pp. R1344-R1348 Chalhoub, N., Baker, S.J., PTEN and the PI3-kinase pathway in cancer (2009) Annu Rev Pathol, 4, pp. 127-150 Cornachione, A., Cacao-Benedini, L.O., Martinez, E.Z., Neder, L., Claudia Mattiello-Sverzut, A., Effects of eccentric and concentric training on capillarization and myosin heavy chain contents in rat skeletal muscles after hindlimb suspension (2011) Acta Histochem, 113, pp. 277-282 Davis, J.M., Murphy, E.A., Carmichael, M.D., Zielinski, M.R., Groschwitz, C.M., Brown, A.S., Gangemi, J.D., Mayer, E.P., Curcumin effects on inflammation and performance recovery following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (2007) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 292, pp. R2168-R2173 Glynn, E.L., Lujan, H.L., Kramer, V.J., Drummond, M.J., DiCarlo, S.E., Rasmussen, B.B., A chronic increase in physical activity inhibits fed-state mTOR/S6K1 signaling and reduces IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle (2008) Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 33, pp. 93-101 Goodman, C.A., McNally, R.M., Hoffmann, F.M., Hornberger, T.A., Smad3 induces atrogin-1, inhibits mTOR and protein synthesis, and promotes muscle atrophy in vivo (2013) Mol Endocrinol, 27, pp. 1946-1957 Hody, S., Lacrosse, Z., Leprince, P., Collodoro, M., Croisier, J.L., Rogister, B., Effects of eccentrically and concentrically biased training on mouse muscle phenotype (2013) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 45, pp. 1460-1468 Hohl, R., Ferraresso, R.L., De Oliveira, R.B., Lucco, R., Brenzikofer, R., De Macedo, D.V., Development and characterization of an overtraining animal model (2009) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 41, pp. 1155-1163 Huang, J., Manning, B.D., The TSC1-TSC2 complex: A molecular switchboard controlling cell growth (2008) Biochem J, 412, pp. 179-190 Isner-Horobeti, M.E., Rasseneur, L., Lonsdorfer-Wolf, E., Dufour, S.P., Doutreleau, S., Bouitbir, J., Zoll, J., Richard, R., Effect of eccentric vs concentric exercise training on mitochondrial function (2014) Muscle Nerve, 50, pp. 803-811 Khamzina, L., Veilleux, A., Bergeron, S., Marette, A., Increased activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in liver and skeletal muscle of obese rats: Possible involvement in obesity-linked insulin resistance (2005) Endocrinol, 146, pp. 1473-1481 Kimball, S.R., Integration of signals generated by nutrients, hormones, and exercise in skeletal muscle (2014) Am J Clin Nutr, 99, pp. 237S-242S Kubica, N., Bolster, D.R., Farrell, P.A., Kimball, S.R., Jefferson, L.S., Resistance exercise increases muscle protein synthesis and translation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2Bepsilon mRNA in a mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent manner (2005) J Biol Chem, 280, pp. 7570-7580 Kuipers, H., Verstappen, F.T.J., Keizer, H.A., Geurten, P., Vankranenburg, G., Variability of aerobic performance in the laboratory and its physiologic correlates (1985) Int J Sports Med, 6, pp. 197-201 Lollo, P.C., Moura, C.S., Morato, P.N., Amaya-Farfan, J., Differential response of heat shock proteins to uphill and downhill exercise in heart, skeletal muscle, lung and kidney tissues (2013) J Sports Sci Med, 12, pp. 461-466 Luo, L., Lu, A.M., Wang, Y., Hong, A., Chen, Y., Hu, J., Li, X., Qin, Z.H., Chronic resistance training activates autophagy and reduces apoptosis of muscle cells by modulating IGF-1 and its receptors, Akt/mTOR and Akt/FOXO3a signaling in aged rats (2013) Exp Gerontol, 48, pp. 427-436 Ma, X.M., Blenis, J., Molecular mechanisms of mTOR-mediated translational control (2009) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 10, pp. 307-318 Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Foster, C., Fry, A., Gleeson, M., Nieman, D., Raglin, J., Urhausen, A., European College of Sport S, American College of Sports M. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine (2013) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 45, pp. 186-205 Ogasawara, R., Kobayashi, K., Tsutaki, A., Lee, K., Abe, T., Fujita, S., Nakazato, K., Ishii, N., MTOR signaling response to resistance exercise is altered by chronic resistance training and detraining in skeletal muscle (2013) J Appl Physiol (1985), 114, pp. 934-940 Ogasawara, R., Sato, K., Matsutani, K., Nakazato, K., Fujita, S., The order of concurrent endurance and resistance exercise modifies mTOR signaling and protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle (2014) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 306, pp. E1155-E1162 Pagano, A.F., Py, G., Bernardi, H., Candau, R.B., Sanchez, A.M., Autophagy and protein turnover signaling in slow-twitch muscle during exercise (2014) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 46, pp. 1314-1325 Paul, A.C., Rosenthal, N., Different modes of hypertrophy in skeletal muscle fibers (2002) J Cell Biol, 156, pp. 751-760 Pereira, B.C., Filho, L.A., Alves, G.F., Pauli, J.R., Ropelle, E.R., Souza, C.T., Cintra, D.E., Silva, A.S., A new overtraining protocol for mice based on downhill running sessions (2012) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 39, pp. 793-798 Pereira, B.C., Lucas, G., da Rocha, A.L., Pauli, J.R., Ropelle, E.R., Cintra, D., de Souza, C.T., da Silva, A.S., Eccentric exercise leads to glial activation but not apoptosis in mice spinal cords (2015) Int J Sports Med, 36, pp. 378-385 Pereira, B.C., Pauli, J.R., De Souza, C.T., Ropelle, E.R., Cintra, D.E., Freitas, E.C., da Silva, A.S., Eccentric exercise leads to performance decrease and insulin signaling impairment (2014) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 46, pp. 686-694 Pereira, B.C., Pauli, J.R., de Souza, C.T., Ropelle, E.R., Cintra, D.E., Rocha, E.M., Freitas, E.C., Silva, A.S., Nonfunctional overreaching leads to inflammation and myostatin upregulation in swiss mice (2014) Int J Sports Med, 35, pp. 139-146 Personius, K.E., Jayaram, A., Krull, D., Brown, R., Xu, T., Han, B., Burgess, K., Welle, S., Grip force, EDL contractile properties, and voluntary wheel running after postdevelopmental myostatin depletion in mice (2010) J Appl Physiol (1985), 109, pp. 886-894 Rommel, C., Bodine, S.C., Clarke, B.A., Rossman, R., Nunez, L., Stitt, T.N., Yancopoulos, G.D., Glass, D.J., Mediation of IGF-1-induced skeletal myotube hypertrophy by PI(3)K/Akt/mTOR and PI(3)K/Akt/GSK3 pathways (2001) Nat Cell Biol, 3, pp. 1009-1013 Snyder, A.C., Kuipers, H., Cheng, B., Servais, R., Fransen, E., Overtraining following intensified training with normal muscle glycogen (1995) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 27, pp. 1063-1070 Tzatsos, A., Kandror, K.V., Nutrients suppress phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling via raptor-dependent mTOR-mediated insulin receptor substrate 1 phosphorylation (2006) Mol Cell Biol, 26, pp. 63-76 Um, S.H., Frigerio, F., Watanabe, M., Picard, F., Joaquin, M., Sticker, M., Fumagalli, S., Thomas, G., Absence of S6K1 protects against age- and diet-induced obesity while enhancing insulin sensitivity (2004) Nature, 431, pp. 200-205 Weibel, E.R., Kistler, G.S., Scherle, W.F., Practical stereological methods for morphometric cytology (1966) J Cell Biol, 30, pp. 23-38 Whittemore, L.A., Song, K.N., Li, X.P., Aghajanian, J., Davies, M., Girgenrath, S., Hill, J.J., Wolfman, N.M., Inhibition of myostatin in adult mice increases skeletal muscle mass and strength (2003) Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 300, pp. 965-971 Zou, K., Meador, B.M., Johnson, B., Huntsman, H.D., Mahmassani, Z., Valero, M.C., Huey, K.A., Boppart, M.D., The alpha(7) beta(1)-integrin increases muscle hypertrophy following multiple bouts of eccentric exercise (2011) J Appl Physiol (1985), 111, pp. 1134-1141