The concept of the 'Smart City' calls for the use of information technology to improve administrative decision making, provide services to the citizenry and support other city government organisational changes necessary for better performance. Towards implementing the Smart City concept, the literature on city e-government proposes five models aiming to guide the implementation process. This paper describes a case study on e-government implementation and derived knowledge to assess the usefulness of the proposed implementation models. The results confirm the benefits and limitations of such models and propose a success factor approach representing a major paradigm shift to study and assist e-government implementation. This new approach is expected to produce results more helpful to city administrators attempting to use information technology to improve city government. Copyright © 2016 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.12186105Alexander, W., Hixon, M., The strategic imperative to align risk and finance (2008) Journal of Performance Management, 21 (1), pp. 22-31Alexiou, A., Bouras, C., Primpas, J., Papagiannopoulos, D., The design and implementation of business models in metropolitan broadband networks (2008) Handbook of Research on Global Diffusion of Broadband Data Transmission, pp. 196-210. , in Dwivedi, Y., Papazafeiropoulou, A. and Choudrie, J. (Eds.): Hershey, PA, Information Science ReferenceAnonymous, Data mining a new weapon for competitive advantage (1995) Software Quarterly, 2 (4), pp. 15-19Babbar, S., Rai, A., Competitive intelligence for international business (1993) Long Range Planning, 263, pp. 103-113Barrutia, J.M., The impact of new technologies on financial services management: Conceptual framework, overview and research agenda (2005) International Journal of Financial Services Management, 1 (1), pp. 1-10Bass, B.M., (1985) Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations, , Free Press, New YorkBaum, C.H., Di Maio, A., (2000) Gartner's Four Phases of E-government Model, , https://www.gartner.com/doc/317292/gartners-phases-egovernment-model, (Accessed 2 February, 2014)Beattie, J.S., Fleck, J., New perspectives on strategic technology management in small high-tech companies (2005) Proceedings of IEEE International 2005: Engineering Management Conference, 1, pp. 313-318Bielski, L., Getting IT right by thinking it through (2008) ABA Banking Journal, 100 (7), pp. 43-45Bielski, L., Still pushing the envelope (2008) ABA Banking Journal, 100 (10), pp. 36-40Brazil-Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, (2012) The Brazilian Trade Balance by Municipality, , http://www.mdic.gov.br//sitio/sistema/balanca/?item=2012-12, (Accessed 19 March, 2014)Burns, J.M., (1978) Leadership, , Harper & Row, New YorkCommunication from the Commission, (2002) EEurope 2005: An Information Society for All. An Action Plan Presented in View of the Sevilla European Council, COM (2002) 263, , Retrieved 25 January, 2014Conahan, S.A., (2001) Benchmarking E-Government: A Global Perspective, , http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN021547.pdf, United Nations Division for Public Economics and Public Administration and American Society for Public Administration, New York, (Accessed 2 February, 2014)Conrad, L., Community banks reporting greater pressure to use BI (2007) US Banker, 117 (7), p. 34Coursey, D., Norris, D.F., Models of e-government: Are they correct? An empirical assessment (2008) Public Administration Review, 68 (3), pp. 523-536Darling, M.S., Building the knowledge organization (1996) Business Quarterly, 61 (2), pp. 61-66Davison, L., Measuring competitive intelligence effectiveness: Insights from the advertising industry (2001) Competitive Intelligence Review, 12 (4), pp. 25-38Day, D.V., Lord, R.G., Executive leadership and organizational performance: Suggestions for a new theory and methodology (1988) Journal of Management, 14, pp. 453-464Du Toit, A., Competitive intelligence in the knowledge economy: What is in it for South African manufacturing enterprises? (2003) International Journal of Information Management, 23, pp. 111-120Ebrahim, Z., Irani, Z., E-government adoption: Architecture and barriers (2005) Business Process Management Journal, 11 (5), pp. 589-611Competitive intelligence and records managers (2004) The Information Management Journal, 38 (2), p. 4. , Editors 20-23 March-AprilEllis, J.R., Proactive competitive intelligence: Using competitive scenarios to exploit new opportunities (1993) Competitive Intelligence Review, 4 (1), pp. 13-24Europeia, C., (2005) I2010 - A European Information Society for Growth and Employment, , Retrieved 25 January, 2014Firth, L., Mellor, D., Broadband: Benefits and problems (2005) Telecommunications Policy, 29, pp. 223-236Fisher, D., Exam council spells out remote capture risks (2009) ABA Banking Journal, 101 (3), pp. 34-35Friedenberg, R., Rice, A., Knowledge re-engineering as a BPR strategy (1994) Working Notes of the AAAI-94, Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Business Process Reengineering, pp. 21-26. , 3 August, Seattle, WAFung, M., To what extent are labor-saving technologies improving efficiency in the use of human resources? Evidence from the banking industry (2008) Production and Operations Management, 17 (1), pp. 75-92Gómez-Barroso, J.L., Feijó, C., A conceptual framework for public-private interplay in the telecommunications sector (2010) Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier-Science Direct, 34, pp. 487-495Guimaraes, T., Armstrong, C., Exploring the relation between competitive intelligence, IS support and business change (1998) Competitive Intelligence Review, 9 (3), pp. 45-54Guimaraes, T., Yoon, Y., Clevenson, A., Empirically testing ES success factors in business process reengineering (1997) International Journal of Production Economics, 50, pp. 245-259Hambrick, D.C., Finkelstein, S., Managerial discretion: A bridge between polar views of organizational discretion (1987) Research in Organizational Behavior, 9, pp. 369-406. , in Cummings, L.L. and Staw, B.M. (Eds.): JAI Press, Greenwich, CTHiller, J.S., Bélanger, F., (2001) Privacy Strategies for Electronic Government, , http://www.businessofgovernment.org/pdfs/HillerReport.pdf, IBM Center for the Business of Government, Washington DC, (Accessed 2 February, 2014)Huber, G.P., A theory of the effects of advanced information technologies on organizational design, intelligence, and decision making (1990) Academy of Management Review, 15 (1), pp. 47-71. , JanuaryIBGE-Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, (2010) Brazilian Census 2010, , http://ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?lang=_PT&codmun=355670&search=saopaulo|vinhedo|infograficos:-dados-gerais-do-municipio, (Accessed 19 March, 2014)Kanter, R.M., (1983) The Change Masters, , Simon & Schuster, New YorkKatz, D., Kahn, R.L., (1978) The Social Psychology of Organizations, , 2nd ed., Wiley, New YorkKelly, J.M., Swindell, D., A multiple-indicator approach to municipal service evaluation: Correlating performance measurement and citizen satisfaction across jurisdictions (2002) Public Administration Review, 62 (5), pp. 610-621Khalil, T.M., Ezzat, H.A., Management of technology and responsive policies in a new economy (2005) International Journal of Technology Management, 32 (1-2), p. 88Layne, K., Lee, J., Developing fully functional e-government: A four stage model (2001) Government Information Quarterly, 18 (2), pp. 122-136Li-Hua, R., Khalil, T.M., Technology management in China: A global perspective and challenging issues (2006) Journal of Technology Management in China, 1 (1), p. 9Magd, H., Curry, A., Benchmarking: Achieving best value in public-sector organizations (2003) Benchmarking: An International Journal, 10 (3), pp. 261-286McCarthy, V., CTI lets you coddle customers at lower cost (1996) Datamation, 42 (13), pp. 46-49Mendes, L.S., Bottoli, M.L., Breda, G.D., Digital cities and open MANs: A new communications paradigm (2009) LATINCOM'09. IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications, , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5304974, (Accessed 2 February, 2014)Micheli, P., Neely, A., Performance measurement in the public sector in England: Searching for the golden thread (2010) Public Administration Review, 70 (4), pp. 591-600Neirotti, P., DeMarco, A., Cagliano, A., Mangano, G., Scorrano, F., Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylized facts (2014) Cities, 38, pp. 25-36Norris, D.F., Reddick, C.G., Local e-government in the United States: Transformation or incremental change? (2012) Publica Administration Review, 75 (1), pp. 165-175Pawar, B.S., Eastman, K.K., The nature and implications of contextual influences on transformational leadership: A conceptual examination (1997) Academy of Management Review, 22, pp. 80-109Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Moorman, R.H., Fetter, R., Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors (1990) Leadership Quarterly, 1, pp. 107-142Poister, T.H., Streib, G., Performance assessment in municipal government (1999) Public Administration Review, 59 (4), pp. 325-335Qiang, C.Z.W., Rossoto, C.M., Kimura, K., Economic impacts of broadband (2009) Information and Communications for Development: Extending Reach and Increasing Impact, pp. 35-50. , World Bank, Washington DCRezende, D.A., (2012) Planejamento de Estratégias e Informações Municipais para Cidade Digital: Guia para Projetos em Prefeituras e Organizações Públicas, , Atlas, São PauloRezende, D.A., Madeira, G., Mendes, L.S., Breda, G.D., Zarpelão, B.B., Figueiredo, F.C., Information and telecommunications project for a digital city: A Brazilian case study (2014) Elsevier: Telematics and Informatics, 31 (1), pp. 98-114. , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585313000336, (Accessed 2 February, 2014)Sawka, K.A., Demystifying business intelligence (1996) Management Review, 85 (10), pp. 47-51Schwab, K., Sala-I-Martin, X., (2013) The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013, , www.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2012-13.pdf, World Economic Forum, 09/2012(Accessed 14 March, 2014)Slonaker, M., Creating a competitive advantage through business intelligence (2005) Mortgage Banking, 65 (6), pp. 145-146Tarraf, P., Molz, R., Competitive intelligence at small enterprises (2006) S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 71 (4), pp. 24-34Tohidi, H., Jabbari, M.M., The main requirements to implement an electronic city (2011) Procedia Computer Science, 3, pp. 1106-1110Trice, H.M., Beyer, J.M., (1993) The Cultures of Work Organizations, , Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, JNTrombly, M., Banking on IT in China (2007) Computerworld, 41 (10), pp. 26-27United Nations Development Program (UNDP), (2010) Human Development Report 2010, , http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-report-2010, (Accessed 19 March, 2014)Van Thiel, S., Leeuw, F.L., The performance paradox in the public sector (2002) Public Performance & Management Review, 25 (3), pp. 267-281Vedder, R.G., Guynes, C.S., CIOs' Perspectives on competitive intelligence (2002) Information Systems Management, 19 (4), pp. 49-56Waldman, D.A., Ramirez, G.G., House, R.J., Puranam, P., Does leadership matter? CEO leadership attributes and profitability under conditions of perceived environmental uncertainty (2001) Academy of Management Journal, 44 (1), pp. 134-143Watts, C., Garrett, J., Seven habits of highly defective mortgage bankers (2006) Mortgage Banking, 67 (2), pp. 70-73Wescott, C., E-government in the Asia-Pacific region (2001) Asian Journal of Political Science, 9 (2), pp. 1-24Westervelt, R., Gaining an edge: Competitive intelligence takes off (1996) Chemical Week, 158 (25), pp. 29-31Williams, S.D., Personality, attitude, and leader influences on divergent thinking and creativity in organizations (2004) European Journal of Innovation Management, 7 (3), pp. 187-204Yan, P., Guo, J., Researching and designing the architecture of e-government based SOA (2010) International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE), pp. 512-515. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5590662&queryText%3DResearching+and+Designing+the+Architecture+of+E-+government+based+on+SOAYang, H., Lee, C., Mining open source text documents for intelligence gathering (2012) International Symposium on Information Technology in Medicine and Education, 2, pp. 969-973. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6291464Yukl, G.A., (1998) Leadership in Organizations, , 4th ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ