Interpretation of the depths of maximum of extensive air showers measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abreu, P; Aglietta, M; Ahlers, M; Ahn, EJ; Albuquerque, IFM; Allekotte, I; Allen, J; Allison, P; Almela, A; Castillo, JA; Alvarez-Muniz, J; Batista, RA; Ambrosio, M; Aminaei, A; Anchordoqui, L; Andringa, S; Anticic, T; Aramo, C; Arqueros, F; Asorey, H; Assis, P; Aublin, J; Ave, M; Avenier, M; Avila, G; Badescu, AM; Barber, KB; Barbosa, AF; Bardenet, R; Baughman, B; Bauml, J; Baus, C; Beatty, JJ; Becker, KH; Belletoile, A; Bellido, JA; BenZvi, S; Berat, C; Bertou, X; Biermann, PL; Billoir, P; Blanco, F; Blanco, M; Bleve, C; Blumer, H; Bohacova, M; Boncioli, D; Bonifazi, C; Bonino, R; Borodai, N; Brack, J; Brancus, I; Brogueira, P; Brown, WC; Buchholz, P; Bueno, A; Buroker, L; Burton, RE; Buscemi, M; Caballero-Mora, KS; Caccianiga, B; Caccianiga, L; Caramete, L; Caruso, R; Castellina, A; Cataldi, G; Cazon, L; Cester, R; Cheng, SH; Chiavassa, A; Chinellato, JA; Chudoba, J; Cilmo, M; Clay, RW; Cocciolo, G; Colalillo, R; Collica, L; Coluccia, MR; Conceicao, R; Contreras, F; Cook, H; Cooper, MJ; Coppens, J; Coutu, S; Covault, CE; Criss, A; Cronin, J; Curutiu, A; Dallier, R; Daniel, B; Dasso, S; Daumiller, K; Dawson, BR; de Almeida, RM; De Domenico, M; de Jong, SJ; De La Vega, G; de Mello, WJM; de Mello, JRT; De Mitri, I; de Souza, V; de Vries, KD; del Peral, L; Deligny, O; Dembinski, H; Dhital, N; Di Giulio, C; Diaz, JC; Castro, MLD; Diep, PN; Diogo, F; Dobrigkeit, C; Docters, W; D'Olivo, JC; Dong, PN; Dorofeev, A; dos Anjos, JC; Dova, MT; D'Urso, D; Ebr, J; Engel, R; Erdmann, M; Escobar, CO; Espadanal, J; Etchegoyen, A; San Luis, PF; Falcke, H; Fang, K; Farrar, G; Fauth, AC; Fazzini, N; Ferguson, AP; Fick, B; Figueira, JM; Filevich, A; Filipcic, A; Fliescher, S; Fox, BD; Fracchiolla, CE; Fraenkel, ED; Fratu, O; Frohlich, U; Fuchs, B; Gaior, R; Gamarra, RF; Gambetta, S; Garcia, B; Roca, STG; Garcia-Gamez, D; Garcia-Pinto, D; Garilli, G; Bravo, AG; Gemmeke, H; Ghia, PL; Giller, M; Gitto, J; Glaser, C; Glass, H; Golup, G; Albarracin, FG; Berisso, MG; Vitale, PFG; Goncalves, P; Gonzalez, JG; Gookin, B; Gorgi, A; Gorham, P; Gouffon, P; Grebe, S; Griffith, N; Grillo, AF; Grubb, TD; Guardincerri, Y; Guarino, F; Guedes, GP; Hansen, P; Harari, D; Harrison, TA; Harton, JL; Haungs, A; Hebbeker, T; Heck, D; Herve, AE; Hill, GC; Hojvat, C; Hollon, N; Holmes, VC; Homola, P; Horandel, JR; Horvath, P; Hrabovsky, M; Huber, D; Huege, T; Insolia, A; Ionita, F; Jansen, S; Jarne, C; Jiraskova, S; Josebachuili, M; Kadija, K; Kampert, KH; Karhan, P; Kasper, P; Katkov, I; Kegl, B; Keilhauer, B; Keivani, A; Kelley, JL; Kemp, E; Kieckhafer, RM; Klages, HO; Kleifges, M; Kleinfeller, J; Knapp, J; Kotera, K; Krause, R; Krohm, N; Kromer, O; Kruppke-Hansen, D; Kuempel, D; Kulbartz, JK; Kunka, N; La Rosa, G; LaHurd, D; Latronico, L; Lauer, R; Lauscher, M; Lautridou, P; Le Coz, S; Leao, MSAB; Lebrun, D; Lebrun, P; de Oliveira, MAL; Letessier-Selvon, A; Lhenry-Yvon, I; Link, K; Lopez, R; Aguera, AL; Louedec, K; Bahilo, JL; Lu, L; Lucero, A; Ludwig, M; Lyberis, H; Maccarone, MC; Macolino, C; Malacari, M; Maldera, S; Maller, J; Mandat, D; Mantsch, P; Mariazzi, AG; Marin, J; Marin, V; Maris, IC; Falcon, HRM; Marsella, G; Martello, D; Martin, L; Martinez, H; Bravo, OM; Martraire, D; Meza, JJM; Mathes, HJ; Matthews, J; Matthews, JAJ; Matthiae, G; Maurel, D; Maurizio, D; Mayotte, E; Mazur, PO; Medina-Tanco, G; Melissas, M; Melo, D; Menichetti, E; Menshikov, A; Messina, S; Meyhandan, R; Micanovic, S; Micheletti, MI; Middendorf, L; Minaya, IA; Miramonti, L; Mitrica, B; Molina-Bueno, L; Mollerach, S; Monasor, M; Ragaigne, DM; Montanet, F; Morales, B; Morello, C; Moreno, JC; Mostafa, M; Moura, CA; Muller, MA; Muller, G; Munchmeyer, M; Mussa, R; Navarra, G; Navarro, JL; Navas, S; Necesal, P; Nellen, L; Nelles, A; Neuser, J; Nhung, PT; Niechciol, M; Niemietz, L; Nierstenhoefer, N; Niggemann, T; Nitz, D; Nosek, D; Nozka, L; Oehlschlager, J; Olinto, A; Oliveira, M; Ortiz, M; Pacheco, N; Selmi-Dei, DP; Palatka, M; Pallotta, J; Palmieri, N; Parente, G; Parra, A; Pastor, S; Paul, T; Pech, M; Pekala, J; Pelayo, R; Pepe, IM; Perrone, L; Pesce, R; Petermann, E; Petrera, S; Petrolini, A; Petrov, Y; Pfendner, C; Piegaia, R; Pierog, T; Pieroni, P; Pimenta, M; Pirronello, V; Platino, M; Plum, M; Ponce, VH; Pontz, M; Porcelli, A; Privitera, P; Prouza, M; Quel, EJ; Querchfeld, S; Rautenberg, J; Ravel, O; Ravignani, D; Revenu, B; Ridky, J; Riggi, S; Risse, M; Ristori, P; Rivera, H; Rizi, V; Roberts, J; de Carvalho, WR; Cabo, IR; Fernandez, GR; Martino, JR; Rojo, JR; Rodriguez-Frias, MD; Ros, G; Rosado, J; Rossler, T; Roth, M; Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B; Roulet, E; Rovero, AC; Ruhle, C; Saffi, SJ; Saftoiu, A; Salamida, F; Salazar, H; Greus, FS; Salina, G; Sanchez, F; Santo, CE; Santos, E; Santos, EM; Sarazin, F; Sarkar, B; Sato, R; Scharf, N; Scherini, V; Schieler, H; Schiffer, P; Schmidt, A; Scholten, O; Schoorlemmer, H; Schovancova, J; Schovanek, P; Schroder, F; Schulz, J; Schuster, D; Sciutto, SJ; Scuderi, M; Segreto, A; Settimo, M; Shadkam, A; Shellard, RC; Sidelnik, I; Sigl, G; Sima, O; Smialkowski, A; Smida, R; Snow, GR; Sommers, P; Sorokin, J; Spinka, H; Squartini, R; Srivastava, YN; Stanic, S; Stapleton, J; Stasielak, J; Stephan, M; Straub, M; Stutz, A; Suarez, F; Suomijarvi, T; Supanitsky, AD; Susa, T; Sutherland, MS; Swain, J; Szadkowski, Z; Szuba, M; Tapia, A; Tartare, M; Tascau, O; Tcaciuc, R; Thao, NT; Thomas, D; Tiffenberg, J; Timmermans, C; Tkaczyk, W; Peixoto, CJT; Toma, G; Tomankova, L; Tome, B; Tonachini, A; Elipe, GT; Machado, DT; Travnicek, P; Tridapalli, DB; Trovato, E; Tueros, M; Ulrich, R; Unger, M; Urban, M; Galicia, JFV; Valino, I; Valore, L; van Aar, G; van den Berg, AM; van Velzen, S; van Vliet, A; Varela, E; Cardenas, BV; Varner, G; Vazquez, JR; Vazquez, RA; Veberic, D; Verzi, V; Vicha, J; Videla, M; Villasenor, L; Wahlberg, H; Wahrlich, P; Wainberg, O; Walz, D; Watson, AA; Weber, M; Weidenhaupt, K; Weindl, A; Werner, F; Westerhoff, S; Whelan, BJ; Widom, A; Wieczorek, G; Wiencke, L; Wilczynska, B; Wilczynski, H; Will, M; Williams, C; Winchen, T; Wommer, M; Wundheiler, B; Yamamoto, T; Yapici, T; Younk, P; Yuan, G; Yushkov, A; Garcia, BZ; Zas, E; Zavrtanik, D; Zavrtanik, M; Zaw, I; Zepeda, A; Zhou, J; Zhu, Y; Silva, MZ; Ziolkowski, M

Artículos de revistas

Registration in:

Journal Of Cosmology And Astroparticle Physics. Iop Publishing Ltd, n. 2, 2013.

1475-7516

WOS:000315576400026

10.1088/1475-7516/2013/02/026

http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/60499

http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/60499

http://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/1266686

Author

Abreu, P

Aglietta, M

Ahlers, M

Ahn, EJ

Albuquerque, IFM

Allekotte, I

Allen, J

Allison, P

Almela, A

Castillo, JA

Alvarez-Muniz, J

Batista, RA

Ambrosio, M

Aminaei, A

Anchordoqui, L

Andringa, S

Anticic, T

Aramo, C

Arqueros, F

Asorey, H

Assis, P

Aublin, J

Ave, M

Avenier, M

Avila, G

Badescu, AM

Barber, KB

Barbosa, AF

Bardenet, R

Baughman, B

Bauml, J

Baus, C

Beatty, JJ

Becker, KH

Belletoile, A

Bellido, JA

BenZvi, S

Berat, C

Bertou, X

Biermann, PL

Billoir, P

Blanco, F

Blanco, M

Bleve, C

Blumer, H

Bohacova, M

Boncioli, D

Bonifazi, C

Bonino, R

Borodai, N

Brack, J

Brancus, I

Brogueira, P

Brown, WC

Buchholz, P

Bueno, A

Buroker, L

Burton, RE

Buscemi, M

Caballero-Mora, KS

Caccianiga, B

Caccianiga, L

Caramete, L

Caruso, R

Castellina, A

Cataldi, G

Cazon, L

Cester, R

Cheng, SH

Chiavassa, A

Chinellato, JA

Chudoba, J

Cilmo, M

Clay, RW

Cocciolo, G

Colalillo, R

Collica, L

Coluccia, MR

Conceicao, R

Contreras, F

Cook, H

Cooper, MJ

Coppens, J

Coutu, S

Covault, CE

Criss, A

Cronin, J

Curutiu, A

Dallier, R

Daniel, B

Dasso, S

Daumiller, K

Dawson, BR

de Almeida, RM

De Domenico, M

de Jong, SJ

De La Vega, G

de Mello, WJM

de Mello, JRT

De Mitri, I

de Souza, V

de Vries, KD

del Peral, L

Deligny, O

Dembinski, H

Dhital, N

Di Giulio, C

Diaz, JC

Castro, MLD

Diep, PN

Diogo, F

Dobrigkeit, C

Docters, W

D'Olivo, JC

Dong, PN

Dorofeev, A

dos Anjos, JC

Dova, MT

D'Urso, D

Ebr, J

Engel, R

Erdmann, M

Escobar, CO

Espadanal, J

Etchegoyen, A

San Luis, PF

Falcke, H

Fang, K

Farrar, G

Fauth, AC

Fazzini, N

Ferguson, AP

Fick, B

Figueira, JM

Filevich, A

Filipcic, A

Fliescher, S

Fox, BD

Fracchiolla, CE

Fraenkel, ED

Fratu, O

Frohlich, U

Fuchs, B

Gaior, R

Gamarra, RF

Gambetta, S

Garcia, B

Roca, STG

Garcia-Gamez, D

Garcia-Pinto, D

Garilli, G

Bravo, AG

Gemmeke, H

Ghia, PL

Giller, M

Gitto, J

Glaser, C

Glass, H

Golup, G

Albarracin, FG

Berisso, MG

Vitale, PFG

Goncalves, P

Gonzalez, JG

Gookin, B

Gorgi, A

Gorham, P

Gouffon, P

Grebe, S

Griffith, N

Grillo, AF

Grubb, TD

Guardincerri, Y

Guarino, F

Guedes, GP

Hansen, P

Harari, D

Harrison, TA

Harton, JL

Haungs, A

Hebbeker, T

Heck, D

Herve, AE

Hill, GC

Hojvat, C

Hollon, N

Holmes, VC

Homola, P

Horandel, JR

Horvath, P

Hrabovsky, M

Huber, D

Huege, T

Insolia, A

Ionita, F

Jansen, S

Jarne, C

Jiraskova, S

Josebachuili, M

Kadija, K

Kampert, KH

Karhan, P

Kasper, P

Katkov, I

Kegl, B

Keilhauer, B

Keivani, A

Kelley, JL

Kemp, E

Kieckhafer, RM

Klages, HO

Kleifges, M

Kleinfeller, J

Knapp, J

Kotera, K

Krause, R

Krohm, N

Kromer, O

Kruppke-Hansen, D

Kuempel, D

Kulbartz, JK

Kunka, N

La Rosa, G

LaHurd, D

Latronico, L

Lauer, R

Lauscher, M

Lautridou, P

Le Coz, S

Leao, MSAB

Lebrun, D

Lebrun, P

de Oliveira, MAL

Letessier-Selvon, A

Lhenry-Yvon, I

Link, K

Lopez, R

Aguera, AL

Louedec, K

Bahilo, JL

Lu, L

Lucero, A

Ludwig, M

Lyberis, H

Maccarone, MC

Macolino, C

Malacari, M

Maldera, S

Maller, J

Mandat, D

Mantsch, P

Mariazzi, AG

Marin, J

Marin, V

Maris, IC

Falcon, HRM

Marsella, G

Martello, D

Martin, L

Martinez, H

Bravo, OM

Martraire, D

Meza, JJM

Mathes, HJ

Matthews, J

Matthews, JAJ

Matthiae, G

Maurel, D

Maurizio, D

Mayotte, E

Mazur, PO

Medina-Tanco, G

Melissas, M

Melo, D

Menichetti, E

Menshikov, A

Messina, S

Meyhandan, R

Micanovic, S

Micheletti, MI

Middendorf, L

Minaya, IA

Miramonti, L

Mitrica, B

Molina-Bueno, L

Mollerach, S

Monasor, M

Ragaigne, DM

Montanet, F

Morales, B

Morello, C

Moreno, JC

Mostafa, M

Moura, CA

Muller, MA

Muller, G

Munchmeyer, M

Mussa, R

Navarra, G

Navarro, JL

Navas, S

Necesal, P

Nellen, L

Nelles, A

Neuser, J

Nhung, PT

Niechciol, M

Niemietz, L

Nierstenhoefer, N

Niggemann, T

Nitz, D

Nosek, D

Nozka, L

Oehlschlager, J

Olinto, A

Oliveira, M

Ortiz, M

Pacheco, N

Selmi-Dei, DP

Palatka, M

Pallotta, J

Palmieri, N

Parente, G

Parra, A

Pastor, S

Paul, T

Pech, M

Pekala, J

Pelayo, R

Pepe, IM

Perrone, L

Pesce, R

Petermann, E

Petrera, S

Petrolini, A

Petrov, Y

Pfendner, C

Piegaia, R

Pierog, T

Pieroni, P

Pimenta, M

Pirronello, V

Platino, M

Plum, M

Ponce, VH

Pontz, M

Porcelli, A

Privitera, P

Prouza, M

Quel, EJ

Querchfeld, S

Rautenberg, J

Ravel, O

Ravignani, D

Revenu, B

Ridky, J

Riggi, S

Risse, M

Ristori, P

Rivera, H

Rizi, V

Roberts, J

de Carvalho, WR

Cabo, IR

Fernandez, GR

Martino, JR

Rojo, JR

Rodriguez-Frias, MD

Ros, G

Rosado, J

Rossler, T

Roth, M

Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B

Roulet, E

Rovero, AC

Ruhle, C

Saffi, SJ

Saftoiu, A

Salamida, F

Salazar, H

Greus, FS

Salina, G

Sanchez, F

Santo, CE

Santos, E

Santos, EM

Sarazin, F

Sarkar, B

Sato, R

Scharf, N

Scherini, V

Schieler, H

Schiffer, P

Schmidt, A

Scholten, O

Schoorlemmer, H

Schovancova, J

Schovanek, P

Schroder, F

Schulz, J

Schuster, D

Sciutto, SJ

Scuderi, M

Segreto, A

Settimo, M

Shadkam, A

Shellard, RC

Sidelnik, I

Sigl, G

Sima, O

Smialkowski, A

Smida, R

Snow, GR

Sommers, P

Sorokin, J

Spinka, H

Squartini, R

Srivastava, YN

Stanic, S

Stapleton, J

Stasielak, J

Stephan, M

Straub, M

Stutz, A

Suarez, F

Suomijarvi, T

Supanitsky, AD

Susa, T

Sutherland, MS

Swain, J

Szadkowski, Z

Szuba, M

Tapia, A

Tartare, M

Tascau, O

Tcaciuc, R

Thao, NT

Thomas, D

Tiffenberg, J

Timmermans, C

Tkaczyk, W

Peixoto, CJT

Toma, G

Tomankova, L

Tome, B

Tonachini, A

Elipe, GT

Machado, DT

Travnicek, P

Tridapalli, DB

Trovato, E

Tueros, M

Ulrich, R

Unger, M

Urban, M

Galicia, JFV

Valino, I

Valore, L

van Aar, G

van den Berg, AM

van Velzen, S

van Vliet, A

Varela, E

Cardenas, BV

Varner, G

Vazquez, JR

Vazquez, RA

Veberic, D

Verzi, V

Vicha, J

Videla, M

Villasenor, L

Wahlberg, H

Wahrlich, P

Wainberg, O

Walz, D

Watson, AA

Weber, M

Weidenhaupt, K

Weindl, A

Werner, F

Westerhoff, S

Whelan, BJ

Widom, A

Wieczorek, G

Wiencke, L

Wilczynska, B

Wilczynski, H

Will, M

Williams, C

Winchen, T

Wommer, M

Wundheiler, B

Yamamoto, T

Yapici, T

Younk, P

Yuan, G

Yushkov, A

Garcia, BZ

Zas, E

Zavrtanik, D

Zavrtanik, M

Zaw, I

Zepeda, A

Zhou, J

Zhu, Y

Silva, MZ

Ziolkowski, M

Institutions

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Brasil)

Abstract

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

To interpret the mean depth of cosmic ray air shower maximum and its dispersion, we parametrize those two observables as functions of the first two moments of the ln A distribution. We examine the goodness of this simple method through simulations of test mass distributions. The application of the parameterization to Pierre Auger Observatory data allows one to study the energy dependence of the mean ln A and of its variance under the assumption of selected hadronic interaction models. We discuss possible implications of these dependences in term of interaction models and astrophysical cosmic ray sources.

Comision Nacional de Energia Atoomica, Argentina

Fundacion Antorchas, Argentina

Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina

Municipalidad de Malargue, Argentina

NDM Holdings, Argentina

Valle Las Lenas, Argentina

Australian Research Council

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil

AVCR, Czech Republic [AV0Z10100502, AV0Z10100522]

GAAV, Czech Republic [KJB100100904]

MSMT-CR, Czech Republic [LA08016, LG11044, MEB111003, MSM0021620859, LA08015]

TACR, Czech Republic [TA01010517]

GA U.K., Czech Republic [119810]

Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, France

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France

Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, France

Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), France

Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France

Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany

Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany

Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Germany

Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Germany

Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Germany

Forschung und Kunst, Germany

Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy

Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologa (CONACYT), Mexico

Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Netherlands

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands

Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands

Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland [N N202 200239, N N202 207238]

Portuguese national funds, Portugal

FEDER funds within COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal

Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, Romania [20/2012, 194/2012, 1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET, PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17]

Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia

Comunidad de Madrid, Spain

FEDER funds, Spain

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Consolider-Ingenio (CPAN), Spain

Xunta de Galicia, Spain

Leverhulme Foundation, United Kingdom

Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom

Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107]

National Science Foundation [0450696]

Grainger Foundation U.S.A.

NAFOS-TED, Vietnam

Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET

European Particle Physics Latin American Network

European Union [PIRSES-2009-GA-246806]

UNESCO

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

AVCR, Czech Republic [AV0Z10100502, AV0Z10100522]

GAAV, Czech Republic [KJB100100904]

MSMT-CR, Czech Republic [LA08016, LG11044, MEB111003, MSM0021620859, LA08015]

TACR, Czech Republic [TA01010517]

GA U.K., Czech Republic [119810]

Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland [N N202 200239, N N202 207238]

Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, Romania [20/2012, 194/2012, 1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET, PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17]

Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107]

National Science Foundation [0450696]

European Union [PIRSES-2009-GA-246806]

Subjects

ultra high energy cosmic rays

cosmic ray experiments

Energy Cosmic-rays

Simulation

Particles

Model

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